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深入推進農業(yè)保險，有效規(guī)避農業(yè)風險

2018-06-30 17:49:50 來源：中國農機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34936 評論

導讀：建立健全完善的農業(yè)風險防范體系，能夠更加有效為農民在災害面前規(guī)避風險，切實保障農民利益，為我國“三農”發(fā)展保駕護航。但是由于小農戶風險意識薄弱、農業(yè)保險的發(fā)展規(guī)模普遍還滯后于現(xiàn)代農業(yè)的發(fā)展、險種較為單一等原因使得我國的農業(yè)保險發(fā)展還有很長一段路要走。

　　【中國農機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】建立健全完善的農業(yè)風險防范體系，能夠更加有效為農民在災害面前規(guī)避風險，切實保障農民利益，為我國“三農”發(fā)展保駕護航。但是由于小農戶風險意識薄弱、農業(yè)保險的發(fā)展規(guī)模普遍還滯后于現(xiàn)代農業(yè)的發(fā)展、險種較為單一等原因使得我國的農業(yè)保險發(fā)展還有很長一段路要走。
 
　　險種、費率差異化個性化有待提高
 
　　我國的農業(yè)保險體系發(fā)展相對而言還不夠成熟，對于那些大型企業(yè)來說保險品種較為單一，個性化、差異化的產(chǎn)品保險比較缺乏。同時，相對粗放的保險費率模式也在一定程度上影響了農業(yè)保險的發(fā)展。
 
　　不同地區(qū)、不同氣候條件乃至于不同農作物種植結構的生產(chǎn)風險執(zhí)行差別化費率極為重要，逐步精細化的管理顯然使得不同地區(qū)的人對農業(yè)保險也能夠有更高的認可度。完善補貼模式，建立分不同保障水平的差異化補貼模式；豐富保險險種，建立農作物災情數(shù)據(jù)庫，借助于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)及大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展的東風建立健全保險體系，更加科學有效地對待災情帶來風險。
 
　　加強政府支持力度，擴大補貼范圍
 
　　農業(yè)保險是一種靠天吃飯的險種，收費低。風險高。賠付率大，這也就意味著很有可能一個災年就使得保險公司以往數(shù)年積累的資金全部一朝殆盡。此外，因其涉及面廣等因素制約，就需要政府的專項支持。
 
　　當前我國的農業(yè)保險補貼涵蓋了種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及一些其他品種，覆蓋面廣，其覆蓋責任主要針對的是當?shù)氐淖匀粸暮?、重大病蟲害以及意外事故，但是在其他方面來說財政補貼水平依然較小。因此，應當加大政府支持力度，尤其是在財政支持方面，擴大補貼范圍，盡量豐富農業(yè)保險的產(chǎn)品供給，滿足多元化需求。
 
　　進一步促進農業(yè)發(fā)展，在根本上提高對農業(yè)保險的需求
 
　　雖然農業(yè)保險有利于農戶規(guī)避風險，保障收益，但是對于很多地區(qū)的農民來說，他們受傳統(tǒng)的農業(yè)風險自留觀念影響，對于農業(yè)保險的預期收益并不高，保險意識還較為薄弱；同時，猶豫今年來農民通過勞動力的流動來補償農作物的損失等方式，使得農業(yè)收入占農民收入比重下降，這也在一定程度上降低了農業(yè)保險的需求；而不得不說，對于貧困地區(qū)的農民，他們有限的支付水平也影響著農業(yè)保險的有效需求。
 
　　進一步促進“三農”發(fā)展，從根本上提高農業(yè)保險的需求。通過主流媒體的宣傳等方式使農民對農業(yè)保險有更加正確的認知，認識到農業(yè)保險是解決“三農”問題的重要措施；另外，農業(yè)發(fā)展，農民的收入水平提高，農業(yè)保險投保所帶來的經(jīng)濟壓力降低，農業(yè)保險需求量自然有所提高。
 
　　合理選擇保險運作模式及保險實施方式
 
　　區(qū)別于美國、加拿大的政府主導參與型模式、日本的政府支持下的社會互助模式以及西歐的政府資助的商業(yè)保險模式，我們國家選擇的是政府重點選擇性扶持模式。這種模式下的農業(yè)保險主要由政府專門農業(yè)保險記過或者是國家保險公司提供，險種少、程度低、保障范圍小。
 
　　合理選擇保險運作模式及保險實施方式，適當采用強制投保的政策性保險和自愿投保的市場性保險相結合的原則，使農業(yè)保險能夠真正惠及千家萬戶。
 
　　建立健全有關于農業(yè)保險的相關法律體系
 
　　很顯然，我國在農業(yè)保險方面的法律制度還不夠完善，缺乏一套完整的法律法規(guī)和配套政策對農業(yè)保險予以扶持。建立健全法律法規(guī)，出臺有關法規(guī)制度，用法律的像是明確農業(yè)保險的各方面問題，形成發(fā)展政策性農業(yè)保險完備的法律、制度保證。
 
　　此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：農村金融理論、百度文庫，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

上一篇： 那些火了的畢業(yè)典禮金句，農機人你學到什么？

下一篇：淺談為“三農”發(fā)展保駕護航的農業(yè)保險

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