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淺談為“三農”發(fā)展保駕護航的農業(yè)保險

2018-06-29 15:50:55 來源：農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：48908 評論

導讀：近段時間以來農產品滯銷的案例在網絡上不勝枚舉，為了切實保障農民利益，各項措施不斷落實。從農產品產銷對接活動舉辦，到主流媒體對滯銷農產品的關注報道，再到電商平臺的大力支持，都是各方不斷合力的成果。除此之外，我們還有一個繞不開的關鍵詞：農業(yè)保險。

　　【中國農機網 編輯視角】近段時間以來農產品滯銷的案例在網絡上不勝枚舉，為了切實保障農民利益，各項措施不斷落實。從農產品產銷對接活動舉辦，到主流媒體對滯銷農產品的關注報道，再到電商平臺的大力支持，都是各方不斷合力的成果。除此之外，我們還有一個繞不開的關鍵詞：農業(yè)保險。
 
 
　　農民因為掌握市場信息有限，對于市場的風險評估不足，有時并不能做出完全市場發(fā)展的決定。而同時，農民的家庭一般而言相對經濟基礎薄弱，這使得他們缺乏自我消化風險的能力。一旦面臨較大的市場波動，后往往需要“傷筋動骨”。就此而言，購買農業(yè)保險來規(guī)避風險顯然是很有必要的。
 
　　農業(yè)保險助力多方共贏
 
　　農業(yè)保險是專為農業(yè)生產者在從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和漁業(yè)生產過程中，對遭受自然災害、意外事故疫病、疾病等保險事故所造成的經濟損失提供保障的一種保險。2007年中央財政增加預算，對關系國計民生的農畜產品生產保險給予補貼，使商業(yè)性農業(yè)保險逐步轉變?yōu)檎咝赞r業(yè)保險。隨著現代化農業(yè)不斷發(fā)展，農業(yè)保險在農業(yè)發(fā)展、農村振興、農民福利乃至于國家宏觀政策體系中發(fā)揮的作用正不斷凸顯。
 
　　對于農民來說，風險的規(guī)避能夠在更大程度上降低“因災致貧”的可能性，讓他們在遭受災害后也能夠沒有后顧之憂地去恢復農業(yè)生產，是重要的轉移風險和經濟安全保障機制；對整個農村經濟也起到了穩(wěn)定作用，從而保障整個農業(yè)地區(qū)的經濟發(fā)展；農業(yè)保險的介入有助于恢復生產也就意味著有助于恢復市場供需平衡，避免農產品價格的大幅度波動。
 
　　相對于直接補貼，農業(yè)保險使得政府有了更加妥帖的途徑來解決受災農戶“因災致貧”的問題。不論是在經濟發(fā)展層面還是社會治安層面，農業(yè)保險都起到了良好的促進作用。
 
　　我國的保險市場競爭愈加激烈，隨著各商業(yè)保險模式的發(fā)展成熟，保險市場的盈利空間被不斷壓縮，尋找新的市場已然是大勢所趨。而國家對于“三農”發(fā)展問題的愈加重視也使得農村保險的消費能力正在逐步得到培育和壯大，因此，對于保險公司來說這顯然是一個新的機會。
 
　　這么看來，農業(yè)保險的發(fā)展似乎是創(chuàng)造了一個多方共贏的局面，然而真的是多方共贏嗎？
 
　　“多方”是真，卻不一定“共贏”
 
　　農業(yè)保險的對象主要是一些現代化的農業(yè)企業(yè)以及零散的農戶，對于那些大型企業(yè)來說保險品種尚較為單一，個性化、差異化的產品保險比較缺乏。而對于小農戶來說，很多農民對于農業(yè)保險還缺少較為科學正確的認知，同時風險意識薄弱，對農業(yè)保險的認可度低，以及自身的收入水平低等等原因導致農業(yè)保險的影響力有待提升。
 
　　自古以來，農民似乎就是靠天吃飯的。雖然隨著現代化農業(yè)發(fā)展，從“靠天吃飯”走向了“知天而作”，但是天氣的影響依然不容忽視。農業(yè)保險自然也是一直靠天吃飯的險種，這也就意味著很有可能一個災年就使得保險公司以往數年積累的資金全部一朝殆盡。
 
　　農業(yè)保險涉及面廣，這項惠農政策真正落實到位需要多方努力。面臨大的災害，僅靠保險費用來支撐顯然是不夠的，政府還需要提供大量的支持和補貼。這就存在著一些地區(qū)的財政補貼政策和當地的區(qū)域發(fā)展不協調的問題，貧困地區(qū)經濟發(fā)展水平更加滯后，配套能力較弱，這就不利于農業(yè)保險的深入推進。同時，還可能存在的基層人員的不規(guī)范操作等，都使得“共贏”的局面還任重道遠。
 
 

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