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2024年花生病蟲害防控技術(shù)方案

2024-03-20 09:02:51 來源:全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量:19373 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:貫徹“預(yù)防為主,綜合防治”的植保方針,優(yōu)化田間生態(tài)系統(tǒng),推廣抗(耐)病蟲品種、健康栽培、理化誘控、生物防治等技術(shù)措施,科學(xué)使用高效低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)農(nóng)藥,推進(jìn)花生病蟲害可持續(xù)治理,保障花生生產(chǎn)安全和質(zhì)量安全。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 為指導(dǎo)各地開展花生綠色生產(chǎn),提高病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)應(yīng)用水平,保障花生生產(chǎn)安全和質(zhì)量安全,制定本方案。
 
  一、防控目標(biāo)
 
  花生大面積集中種植區(qū)主要病蟲害防治處置率85%以上,綜合防治效果80%以上,病蟲危害損失率控制在8%以內(nèi),綠色防控覆蓋率54%以上。
 
  二、防控策略
 
  貫徹“預(yù)防為主,綜合防治”的植保方針,優(yōu)化田間生態(tài)系統(tǒng),推廣抗(耐)病蟲品種、健康栽培、理化誘控、生物防治等技術(shù)措施,科學(xué)使用高效低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)農(nóng)藥,推進(jìn)花生病蟲害可持續(xù)治理,保障花生生產(chǎn)安全和質(zhì)量安全。
 
  三、防控對(duì)象
 
  病害根腐病、莖腐病、白絹病、冠腐病、果腐病、褐斑病、黑斑病、網(wǎng)斑病、銹病、青枯病、瘡痂病、病毒病、根結(jié)線蟲病等。
 
  蟲害地下害蟲、棉鈴蟲、斜紋夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、蚜蟲、薊馬、葉螨等。
 
  四、防控技術(shù)措施
 
  (一)播種期
 
  因地制宜與玉米等禾本科作物輪作,適時(shí)深耕。選用抗(耐)病蟲抗逆的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)品種,適時(shí)播種,合理密植。根據(jù)土傳病害、地下害蟲、刺吸性害蟲的發(fā)生情況,選用咯菌腈、精甲·咯·嘧菌等殺菌劑和吡蟲啉、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲胺等殺蟲劑合理混配進(jìn)行種子處理。拌種時(shí)可加入蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、吲哚丁酸或糠氨基嘌呤等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑或氨基寡糖素等免疫誘抗劑,促進(jìn)植株生長發(fā)育,增強(qiáng)抗逆抗病蟲能力。播種時(shí)可溝施球孢白僵菌、金龜子綠僵菌防治地下害蟲。
 
  (二)苗期
 
  在莖腐病、根腐病、冠腐病等發(fā)病初期選用四霉素、噻呋·戊唑醇、噻呋·吡唑酯等殺菌劑噴施植株莖基部;蚜蟲、薊馬、葉螨等刺吸性害蟲選用阿維菌素、溴氰菊酯等殺蟲劑噴霧防治,同時(shí)預(yù)防蟲傳病毒??;蠐螬、金針蟲、地老虎可選用高效氯氟氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯噴淋灌根,也可用毒死蜱顆粒劑拌沙土撒施。
 
  (三)開花下針至飽果成熟期
 
  在褐斑病、黑斑病、網(wǎng)斑病、銹病等葉部病害發(fā)生初期,選用枯草芽孢桿菌、多抗霉素等生物農(nóng)藥或選用唑醚·氟環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯、苯甲·嘧菌酯等化學(xué)藥劑噴霧防治;花生封壟前,選用枯草芽孢桿菌、噻呋酰胺、氟胺·嘧菌酯、噻呋·戊唑醇或氟酰胺等殺菌劑噴淋花生莖基部,防治白絹病、根腐病、莖腐病、果腐病。注意合理排灌,保持適宜田間濕度。
 
  在棉鈴蟲、斜紋夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、蠐螬、地老虎等成蟲發(fā)生期,使用殺蟲燈、性誘劑、食誘劑等誘殺成蟲。食葉類害蟲低齡幼蟲期,選用蘇云金桿菌、核型多角體病毒、滅幼脲等生物制劑噴霧防治,化學(xué)防治選用溴氰菊酯等殺蟲劑噴霧;花生莢果期選用辛硫磷顆粒劑或噻蟲嗪顆粒劑防治蠐螬等地下害蟲。
 
  對(duì)植株密、長勢(shì)旺的花生田,開花下針期合理使用烯效唑、調(diào)環(huán)酸鈣或多唑·甲哌鎓等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑控旺。
 
  五、注意事項(xiàng)
 
  (一)在病蟲害發(fā)生初期優(yōu)先選用生物、物理等非化學(xué)防治措施,注意保護(hù)利用自然天敵。
 
  (二)使用性誘劑誘殺宜大面積連片使用,且不能將不同害蟲的誘芯置于同一誘捕器內(nèi)。
 
  (三)使用燈光誘殺應(yīng)在害蟲成蟲羽化高峰期和夜間活躍時(shí)段使用,盡量減少對(duì)天敵和非靶標(biāo)生物影響。
 
  (四)花生登記用藥品種有限,本方案中提到的藥劑僅供參考,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門有關(guān)規(guī)定和指導(dǎo)意見,科學(xué)選用藥劑,注意合理輪換用藥和交替使用。
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