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2024年大豆病蟲(chóng)害防控技術(shù)方案

2024-03-13 11:18:48 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：18889 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：據(jù)全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心預(yù)測(cè)分析，預(yù)計(jì)2024年全國(guó)大豆病蟲(chóng)害總體中等發(fā)生，發(fā)生面積1.30億畝次，重于上年。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 據(jù)全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心預(yù)測(cè)分析，預(yù)計(jì)2024年全國(guó)大豆病蟲(chóng)害總體中等發(fā)生，發(fā)生面積1.30億畝次，重于上年。其中，大豆根腐病、大豆食心蟲(chóng)在東北春大豆區(qū)，甜菜夜蛾在黃淮海大豆玉米復(fù)合種植區(qū)，煙粉虱在黃淮南部有偏重發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為做好2024年大豆病蟲(chóng)防控工作，制定本方案。
 
　　一、防控目標(biāo)
 
　　重大病蟲(chóng)防治處置率達(dá)到90%以上，綠色防控覆蓋率達(dá)到54%以上，總體防治效果達(dá)到85%以上，重大病蟲(chóng)危害損失率控制在5%以內(nèi)，保障大豆生產(chǎn)安全和有效供給。
 
　　二、防控策略
 
　　堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主、綜合防治的原則，以健康栽培為基礎(chǔ)，合理利用生態(tài)調(diào)控、理化誘控、生物防治、科學(xué)用藥等技術(shù)措施，分區(qū)施策，切實(shí)保障防控技術(shù)到位，提高防治效果。
 
　　三、防控對(duì)象
 
　　（一）北方春大豆區(qū)
 
　　根腐病、胞囊線蟲(chóng)病、菌核病、霜霉病、灰斑病、細(xì)菌性斑點(diǎn)病、大豆食心蟲(chóng)、豆莢螟、大豆蚜、紅蜘蛛、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、苜蓿夜蛾、地下害蟲(chóng)、葉甲等。
 
　　（二）黃淮夏大豆區(qū)
 
　　根腐病、病毒病、擬莖點(diǎn)種腐(莖枯)病、炭疽病、地下害蟲(chóng)、煙粉虱、點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、甜菜夜蛾、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、大豆食心蟲(chóng)、豆莢螟、大豆蚜等。
 
　　（三）南方多作大豆區(qū)
 
　　根腐病、銹病、病毒病、炭疽病、斜紋夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、豆卷葉螟、豆稈黑潛蠅、高隆象、點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、稻綠蝽、豆莢螟、地下害蟲(chóng)等。
 
　　四、防控措施
 
　　（一）播種期。合理輪作，減少重迎茬；選用耐抗病蟲(chóng)品種，做好種子包衣。防治大豆根腐病、胞囊線蟲(chóng)病等根部病害可選用含有精甲·咯菌腈、吡唑醚菌酯、甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽等成分的種子處理劑。防治地下害蟲(chóng)、大豆蚜等苗期害蟲(chóng)可選用含有噻蟲(chóng)嗪、吡蟲(chóng)啉等成分的種子處理劑，蠐螬等地下害蟲(chóng)重發(fā)區(qū)可選用吡蟲(chóng)啉或金龜子綠僵菌等顆粒劑進(jìn)行撒施或種肥同播。
 
　　（二）苗期至分枝期。根腐病重發(fā)區(qū)可選用氟環(huán)唑、嘧菌酯、精甲霜靈等藥劑噴施莖基部。食葉類害蟲(chóng)可選用氯蟲(chóng)苯甲酰胺等藥劑噴霧防治；刺吸類害蟲(chóng)可選用吡蟲(chóng)啉、高氯·吡蟲(chóng)啉、噻蟲(chóng)·高氯氟等化學(xué)藥劑，或苦參堿、阿維菌素等生物農(nóng)藥噴霧。防治病毒病需及時(shí)防治刺吸類害蟲(chóng)，阻斷其傳播病毒，可結(jié)合噴施氨基寡糖素等植物誘抗劑進(jìn)行預(yù)防。大面積連片田塊可結(jié)合使用黃板、燈誘等物理防控技術(shù)，監(jiān)測(cè)并誘殺煙粉虱、金龜子和鱗翅目等害蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)。
 
　　（三）開(kāi)花至鼓粒期。發(fā)病初期噴施唑醚·氟環(huán)唑、丙環(huán)·嘧菌酯等防治銹病、莖枯病和炭疽病，兼治霜霉病和細(xì)菌性斑點(diǎn)病，同時(shí)噴施葉面肥、生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑、誘抗劑等，強(qiáng)健植株，預(yù)防早衰。防控點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽選用聚集信息素誘捕，并噴施噻蟲(chóng)嗪等藥劑，同時(shí)兼治其它刺吸式害蟲(chóng)。大豆食心蟲(chóng)、豆莢螟成蟲(chóng)盛發(fā)期選用食誘劑、性誘劑誘殺，產(chǎn)卵初期釋放赤眼蜂滅卵；初孵幼蟲(chóng)選用蘇云金桿菌、氯蟲(chóng)苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯等殺蟲(chóng)劑防治；老熟幼蟲(chóng)開(kāi)始脫莢入土前，選用球孢白僵菌粉劑均勻撒施于地表防治越冬幼蟲(chóng)。紅蜘蛛選用阿維菌素、乙螨唑、噠螨靈等殺螨劑噴霧防治。蝸牛等軟體類害蟲(chóng)發(fā)生為害時(shí)，撒施或噴施四聚乙醛或四聚·殺螺胺等進(jìn)行防治。
 
　　（四）收獲期。收獲時(shí)秸稈粉碎還田，深翻耕耙，降低病蟲(chóng)基數(shù)。
 
　　五、注意事項(xiàng)
 
　　(一)在病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生前期或初期優(yōu)先選用生物、物理等非化學(xué)防治措施，注意保護(hù)利用自然天敵和生物多樣性。
 
　　(二)防治食葉害蟲(chóng)在大豆?fàn)I養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)期可適當(dāng)減少化學(xué)用藥，注重開(kāi)花結(jié)莢鼓粒期的防控。
 
　　(三)大豆登記用藥品種有限，本方案中提到的藥劑僅供參考，根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門(mén)有關(guān)規(guī)定和指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，科學(xué)選用藥劑，注意合理輪換用藥和交替使用。

上一篇： 全國(guó)油菜大面積單產(chǎn)提升暨病蟲(chóng)害統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治現(xiàn)場(chǎng)會(huì)在湖北召開(kāi)

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