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【豐收已成定局】秋糧收獲近八成，今年又是一個豐收年

2021-10-21 17:47:48 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：55533 評論

導(dǎo)讀：根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，目前夏糧、早稻已經(jīng)豐收到手，截至10月19日，全國秋糧收獲近八成，近期的連陰雨對產(chǎn)量影響總體有限，秋糧增產(chǎn)已成定局。全年糧食產(chǎn)量有望再創(chuàng)歷史新高，連續(xù)7年保持在1.3萬億斤以上。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 眾所周知，我國糧食總產(chǎn)量已連續(xù)6年保持在1.3萬億斤以上。而今年夏秋北方多個省份遭遇連續(xù)強(qiáng)降雨導(dǎo)致糧食生產(chǎn)受到一定影響，那么今年是夠還能獲得豐收？
 
　　根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，目前夏糧、早稻已經(jīng)豐收到手，截至10月19日，全國秋糧收獲近八成，近期的連陰雨對產(chǎn)量影響總體有限，秋糧增產(chǎn)已成定局。全年糧食產(chǎn)量有望再創(chuàng)歷史新高，連續(xù)7年保持在1.3萬億斤以上。
 

 

　　中西部頻繁降雨影響有限，其他地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)
 
　　連日來，北方多個省份的強(qiáng)降雨?duì)縿又鐣鹘绲男摹Ｌ貏e是9月下旬以來兩輪強(qiáng)降雨過程給北方的秋收造成了一定影響。山西省受連續(xù)大面積強(qiáng)降雨影響，全省大部地區(qū)在田作物受災(zāi)、畜禽圈舍倒塌、農(nóng)田及設(shè)施毀損，秋收秋種秋耕推遲。山西省應(yīng)急管理廳通報(bào)顯示，近期嚴(yán)重洪澇災(zāi)害已致全省284.96萬畝農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)。
 
　　根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，截至目前全國秋糧收獲75%，比常年慢了4個百分點(diǎn)，秋雨影響秋收主要在中西部的黃淮海和西北地區(qū)，對東北、華南、江南影響較小。受秋雨影響的地區(qū)，由于土壤過濕，常規(guī)機(jī)械不能下地，需要把輪式收割機(jī)改成履帶式，甚至有些需要人工搶收，導(dǎo)致秋收進(jìn)度慢同時增加了收獲成本。雖然這些地區(qū)有一定減產(chǎn)，但未受降雨影響的東北、華南、江南等地，多數(shù)是增產(chǎn)的，特別是東北四省區(qū)增長較多。因此總體來說，全國秋糧是增產(chǎn)的。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，今年秋糧豐收有三個因素：一是秋糧的播種面積穩(wěn)中有增，這是豐收的基礎(chǔ)；二是高產(chǎn)作物玉米面積增加比較多，加上光溫水匹配較好，單產(chǎn)是提高的，這是豐收的關(guān)鍵；三是河南、山西、陜西大家都比較關(guān)注，這些地方局部災(zāi)情確實(shí)很重，是多年少有的，重災(zāi)的農(nóng)戶甚至是絕收的，但是總的看，全國農(nóng)業(yè)受災(zāi)程度輕于常年。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)面積1億畝左右，近10年平均每年農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)3.6億畝，從受災(zāi)面積和受災(zāi)程度看，今年農(nóng)業(yè)的災(zāi)情應(yīng)該是近10年最輕的一年。
 
　　北方部分地區(qū)秋糧減產(chǎn)影響有限，加之今年夏糧、早稻合計(jì)增產(chǎn)了74億斤，因此可以說，目前全年糧食豐收已成定局，可實(shí)現(xiàn)年初確定的糧食產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬億斤以上的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
 
　　減損就是增產(chǎn)，機(jī)收減損助力糧食豐收
 
　　機(jī)收是糧食收獲的主要方式，當(dāng)前我國主糧的機(jī)收率已達(dá)到較高水平，在耕地資源有限、增加播種面積比較困難的情況下，降低機(jī)收損耗是增加糧食產(chǎn)量、保障國家糧食安全的重要途徑。今年，各地開展糧食機(jī)收減損行動，通過舉辦“機(jī)收減損大比武”、機(jī)收減損技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等多種活動，不斷強(qiáng)化宣傳動員、機(jī)手培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)指導(dǎo)、裝備升級、質(zhì)量管理、政策引導(dǎo)及服務(wù)保障，想方設(shè)法提高機(jī)收減損效率，全方位提升糧食收獲質(zhì)量。
 
　　今年早稻已實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)，機(jī)收減損成效也較為明顯。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部數(shù)據(jù)，通過南方早稻機(jī)收減損大比武得出結(jié)果，機(jī)收損失率普遍在1.2%-2.5%區(qū)間，均低于現(xiàn)行作業(yè)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。各主產(chǎn)縣農(nóng)機(jī)部門會同第三方通過隨機(jī)選取地塊實(shí)地抽查顯示，早稻機(jī)收損失率平原區(qū)平均為2.7%，丘陵區(qū)為3.5%，大部分比常年降低1個百分點(diǎn)左右。7省(區(qū))早稻平均損失率均控制在3%以內(nèi)。
 
　　目前，秋糧雖然尚未收獲完畢，但單產(chǎn)的提高是秋糧豐收的關(guān)鍵，加上機(jī)收減損的助力，整體實(shí)現(xiàn)豐收已是定局。等全國秋收結(jié)束，全年糧食產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)出爐，本網(wǎng)將繼續(xù)報(bào)道，歡迎持續(xù)關(guān)注。

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