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再次強調(diào)機收減損！對聯(lián)合收割機和農(nóng)機手有這些要求

2021-09-06 16:48:27 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：58048 評論

導讀：我們知道，在耕地資源有限、增加播種面積困難的條件下，降低機收損耗就是增加糧食產(chǎn)量。而今年夏糧、秋糧的收獲時節(jié)，各地也都在千方百計減少糧食損失。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 從今年夏糧收獲季開始，“機收減損”是從中央到地方、從機手到農(nóng)民，普遍強調(diào)和關心的一個問題。我們知道，在耕地資源有限、增加播種面積困難的條件下，降低機收損耗就是增加糧食產(chǎn)量。而今年夏糧、秋糧的收獲時節(jié)，各地也都在千方百計減少糧食損失。
 
　　今年“三夏”期間，各小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)狠抓糧食生產(chǎn)，及早強化機具準備，及時發(fā)布作業(yè)信息，強化技術服務，注重機收減損，多措并舉保障了夏糧的豐收。
 
　　而剛收獲完不久的早稻也實現(xiàn)了增產(chǎn)。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，今年南方早稻機收減損取得了明顯成效，湖南、江西、廣東、廣西、湖北、浙江、福建等7省(區(qū))廣泛開展機收減損田間實操輪訓和技能大比武，累計培訓機手11.82萬人次、舉辦147場比武競賽。從大比武結果來看，機收損失率普遍在1.2%-2.5%區(qū)間，均低于現(xiàn)行作業(yè)質(zhì)量標準。根據(jù)實地抽查結果顯示，早稻機收損失率平原區(qū)平均為2.7%，丘陵區(qū)為3.5%，大部分比常年降低1個百分點左右。7省(區(qū))早稻平均損失率均控制在3%以內(nèi)。
 

 

　　為了鞏固機收減損成果，近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)《關于將機收減損作為糧食生產(chǎn)機械化主要工作常抓不懈的通知》(以下簡稱《通知》)，要求各地將機收減損作為糧食生產(chǎn)機械化主要工作常抓不懈，采取綜合措施提高糧食機收作業(yè)質(zhì)量，緊盯三大主糧作物和“三夏”“雙搶”“三秋”等重要農(nóng)時，不斷強化宣傳動員、機手培訓、技術指導、裝備升級、質(zhì)量管理、政策引導及服務保障，全方位提升糧食收獲質(zhì)量，進一步降低機收損失，努力確保糧食顆粒歸倉。
 
　　加強聯(lián)合收割機機手培訓
 
　　聯(lián)合收割機機手在收獲過程中是重要角色，其技術水平和職業(yè)精神直接決定了收獲作業(yè)質(zhì)量?！锻ㄖ芬蠹訌娝?、小麥、玉米機收作業(yè)質(zhì)量標準宣貫，分區(qū)域分作物修訂完善機械化收獲減損技術指導意見，引導農(nóng)戶和機手因地制宜選擇收獲時機、合適機具和機收方式，千方百計避免增加損失。利用高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培育項目，組織開展專業(yè)農(nóng)機手培訓行動，針對性強化骨干機手的節(jié)糧減損操作技能和職業(yè)素養(yǎng)。統(tǒng)籌利用農(nóng)機職業(yè)院校、骨干農(nóng)機企業(yè)以及農(nóng)機合作社等社會化服務組織、農(nóng)機使用一線“土專家”等專業(yè)化力量，形成培訓合力，提高培訓質(zhì)量。督促農(nóng)機產(chǎn)銷企業(yè)加強對購機農(nóng)民使用農(nóng)機的培訓，引導農(nóng)機作業(yè)服務組織帶頭做好機手培訓工作，特別要強化新機手田間操作實訓，切實提高規(guī)范作業(yè)能力。進一步加強聯(lián)合收割機駕駛操作人員考試環(huán)節(jié)管理，規(guī)范田間（模擬）駕駛技能考試程序、嚴格考試標準。組織各級農(nóng)機推廣骨干和農(nóng)機化生產(chǎn)一線“土專家”，開展機械保養(yǎng)維修、減損技能、安全生產(chǎn)等技術巡回指導，幫助機手正確調(diào)整機具參數(shù)、及時排除故障，降低收獲損失。
 
　　提高收獲機械質(zhì)量
 
　　良好的收獲機械裝備質(zhì)量和性能是減少機收損失的基礎。《通知》要求充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機購置補貼政策的導向作用，鼓勵農(nóng)民購置先進適用、安全可靠、節(jié)能環(huán)保的收獲機械，引導生產(chǎn)企業(yè)技術進步和產(chǎn)品提檔升級。全面推進農(nóng)機報廢更新，加快淘汰老舊收獲機械，促進智能綠色高效收獲機械應用。強化農(nóng)機試驗鑒定監(jiān)管和聯(lián)合收割機質(zhì)量調(diào)查，嚴格把關，把不合格、不耐用、不適用的產(chǎn)品擋在政策支持范圍之外，倒逼企業(yè)提升質(zhì)量。加大政策支持力度，探索穩(wěn)定支持農(nóng)業(yè)機械化基礎理論研究和共性關鍵技術研發(fā)創(chuàng)新機制，鼓勵企業(yè)加大研發(fā)投入力度，加快攻克薄弱環(huán)節(jié)技術，將損失監(jiān)測、智能化技術融入收獲機械產(chǎn)品提檔升級中，進一步優(yōu)化割臺、脫粒、分離、清選能力，切實提升機收減損性能。

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