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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部2019年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作實施意見中釋放的農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展信號

2019-03-04 17:34:48 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:49119 評論

導讀:此前,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳發(fā)布了《中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部關于做好2019年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作的實施意見》(以下簡稱“《意見》”),就2019年各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部統(tǒng)籌實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,圍繞“鞏固、增強、提升、暢通”深化農(nóng)業(yè)供給側結構性改革,扎實做好農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作提出了意見。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策導讀】此前,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳發(fā)布了《中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部關于做好2019年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作的實施意見》(以下簡稱“《意見》”),就2019年各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部統(tǒng)籌實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,圍繞“鞏固、增強、提升、暢通”深化農(nóng)業(yè)供給側結構性改革,扎實做好農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作提出了意見。
 
  而在《意見》中關于2019年農(nóng)機行業(yè)的發(fā)展也做出了明確要求,《意見》在第二條推進農(nóng)業(yè)高質量發(fā)展,提高農(nóng)業(yè)供給體系的保障能力和質量效率中主要提到了“要強化農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新推廣,著力在生物種業(yè)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、綠色投入品等領域,加快關鍵核心技術攻關與裝備創(chuàng)制應用”,以及推進農(nóng)機化轉型升級。
 
  《意見》中推進農(nóng)機化轉型升級具體要求貫徹落實國務院《關于加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和農(nóng)機裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級的指導意見》,深入開展主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化推進行動,再創(chuàng)建100個全程機械化示范縣,重點補齊水稻機種、甘蔗機收等短板環(huán)節(jié);推動丘陵山區(qū)和畜牧水產(chǎn)、特色產(chǎn)業(yè)適用農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)推廣;穩(wěn)定完善農(nóng)機購置補貼政策,改進農(nóng)機試驗鑒定辦法,加強農(nóng)機安全監(jiān)管;大力發(fā)展農(nóng)機合作社等新型農(nóng)機服務組織,推廣“全程機械化+綜合農(nóng)事服務”等社會化服務模式,實施深松深翻1.4億畝以上。
 
  此外,在其他相關意見中也能看到2019年農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展良機。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)機械化“三高”“三低”有望平衡充分發(fā)展
 
  《意見》中首要提出的便是堅持不懈穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn),此外,還有大力推進高標準農(nóng)田建設以及加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代種業(yè)等具體要求(關于文中所提《意見》具體相關內容,詳情可參考文章《中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部關于做好2019年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作的實施意見》,下同)。
 
  在國務院42號文件中提到,當前我國農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率超過67%,其中主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機械化率超過80%;而從作物上來看,棉油糖、果菜茶等經(jīng)濟作物的綜合機械化水平依然較低;從區(qū)域上看,北方平原地區(qū)的機械化水平較高,南方丘陵山區(qū)的機械化水平較低;從產(chǎn)業(yè)上來看,除種植業(yè)外的畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工、設施農(nóng)業(yè)等領域的機械化水平較低。
 
  對此,《意見》的實施或能有效促進農(nóng)業(yè)機械從主要作物的耕種收環(huán)節(jié)向植保、秸稈處理、烘干等全程機械化方向延伸;從糧食作物向經(jīng)濟作物擴展,并向養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、加工業(yè)拓展;加快山區(qū)丘陵宜機化發(fā)展。
 
  與之相關的主要要求主要包括“鞏固非優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)玉米結構調整成果,適當調減低質低效區(qū)水稻、小麥種植;組織實施大豆振興計劃,推進大豆良種增產(chǎn)增效行動;大力發(fā)展長江流域油菜生產(chǎn),推進新品種新技術示范推廣和全程機械化;繼續(xù)推進糧改飼,大力發(fā)展青貯玉米、苜蓿等飼草料生產(chǎn),促進草食畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展;繼續(xù)開展畜禽養(yǎng)殖標準化示范創(chuàng)建;推動出臺水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖綠色發(fā)展意見,合理確定內陸水域養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模”等調整優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)結構的具體舉措。此外,實施奶業(yè)振興行動也為畜牧業(yè)相關農(nóng)機提供了發(fā)展契機。
 
  綠色農(nóng)機、智慧農(nóng)機再迎政策利好
 
  《2018—2020年農(nóng)機購置補貼實施指導意見》中,明確指出要支持包括深松整地、免耕播種、植保、節(jié)水灌溉、施肥 、秸稈還田離田、殘膜回收、畜禽糞污資源化利用、病死畜禽無害化處理等農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展機具的補貼需要。而在《意見》中則再提推進農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展,推動大型規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場糞污處理設施裝備配套率達到100%,推進農(nóng)藥化肥減量增效、開展農(nóng)膜回收示范行動、建設一批秸稈綜合利用整縣推進試點、強化耕地土壤污染管控與修復等舉措也均有利于綠色農(nóng)機發(fā)展。
 
  《意見》中還提到了實施數(shù)字鄉(xiāng)村戰(zhàn)略。“印發(fā)實施國家數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展規(guī)劃,加強農(nóng)村網(wǎng)絡寬帶設施和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎數(shù)據(jù)資源體系建設。推動農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村大數(shù)據(jù)平臺和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈大數(shù)據(jù)中心建設,擴大農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應用。深入實施信息進村入戶工程,加快益農(nóng)信息社建設,健全完善市場化運營機制,2019年底覆蓋50%以上的行政村。組織實施“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出村進城工程,推進特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品網(wǎng)絡銷售。繼續(xù)做好農(nóng)民手機應用培訓。”
 
  毋庸置疑,數(shù)字鄉(xiāng)村戰(zhàn)略的實施為智慧農(nóng)機發(fā)展提供了沃土,隨著新一代高新技術的迅猛發(fā)展,數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡化、智能化、自動化技術在農(nóng)機行業(yè)領域應用廣度和深度上都有所拓展,、大數(shù)據(jù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、智能制造等新技術成為農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展新的手段和支撐。
 
  農(nóng)機社會化服務提檔升級
 
  作為“中國制造2025”規(guī)劃十個重點領域之一,農(nóng)機裝備發(fā)展對于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化具有深刻意義,可以說,農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和農(nóng)機裝備是轉變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式、提高農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)力的重要基礎,是鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施的重要支撐。
 
  在現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中,農(nóng)機化服務業(yè)也以其獨特優(yōu)勢聚集更加先進的生產(chǎn)要素,帶動其他各類農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)合作社或者服務組織協(xié)同發(fā)展,據(jù)國務院42號文件,目前我國的農(nóng)機戶及服務組織4249萬個,其中農(nóng)機合作社7萬個,鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)機從業(yè)人員超過5000萬人,農(nóng)機化服務總收入5400億元。
 
  《意見》中對于加快發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村特色產(chǎn)業(yè)和新型服務業(yè)、加快發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)性服務業(yè)、大力推進鄉(xiāng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)、以家庭農(nóng)場、農(nóng)民合作社為重點培育各類新型經(jīng)營主體、大力培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民也有更加具體的措施要求,推動農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)人員結構持續(xù)改善。爭取服務范圍從深度和廣度上都進一步擴大,農(nóng)機服務組織名副其實真正成為糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)全程機械化的主要承擔者和特色主導產(chǎn)業(yè)全程機械化主力軍角色。
 
  部分資料來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部
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