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風云變幻70年,“白手起家”的農機行業(yè)怎么樣了?

2019-10-07 13:16:12 來源:農機網原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:51193 評論

導讀:70年來,我國農業(yè)發(fā)展從1949年的糧食產量僅有2264億斤,先后邁過11個千億斤臺階,現在已連續(xù)4年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上,還有“油瓶子”“菜籃子”“果盤子”也是供應充足,9%的耕地養(yǎng)活了近20%的人口,堪稱世界農業(yè)*的奇跡。在農業(yè)機械化方面,同樣“白手起家”,不斷發(fā)展。

  【農機網 市場行情】近日,“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平被授予“共和國勛章”。他一生致力于雜交水稻技術的研究、應用與推廣,發(fā)明“三系法”秈型雜交水稻,成功研究出“兩系法”雜交水稻,創(chuàng)建了超級雜交稻技術體系,為我國糧食安全、農業(yè)科學發(fā)展和世界糧食供給作出了杰出貢獻。而這項成果,正是我國70年來科技進步的一個縮影。
 
  70年來,我國農業(yè)發(fā)展從1949年的糧食產量僅有2264億斤,先后邁過11個千億斤臺階,現在已連續(xù)4年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上,還有“油瓶子”“菜籃子”“果盤子”也是供應充足,9%的耕地養(yǎng)活了近20%的人口,堪稱世界農業(yè)*的奇跡。
 
  在農業(yè)機械化方面,同樣“白手起家”,不斷發(fā)展。
 
  70年,農機行業(yè)快速發(fā)展
 
  1949年至1980年,提出“農業(yè)的根本出路在于機械化”這一論斷,制定明確的農業(yè)機械化發(fā)展目標和相應的指導方針、政策。
 
  1981至1995年,農村開始實行家庭聯產承包責任制,國家對農業(yè)機械化和農機工業(yè)的直接投入逐漸減少,農民逐步成為投資和經營農業(yè)機械的主體。農機工業(yè)開始大規(guī)模結構調整,適合農村小規(guī)模經營的小型農機具、農用運輸車等應運而生。
 
  1996至2003年,市場經濟不斷發(fā)展,農村青年勞動力開始大量外出務工尋找工作機會,農村勞動力出現短缺,農業(yè)機械化跨區(qū)機收等農機社會化服務開始現出端倪,聯合收割機異軍突起。
 
  2004至2014年,農機行業(yè)的“黃金十年”,《農業(yè)機械化促進法》公布實施,農機購置補貼政策拉動農機行業(yè)發(fā)展,國家的政策制度成為農機發(fā)展不可或缺的推動力。
 
  目前,我國農業(yè)生產已由主要依靠人力畜力轉為主要依靠機械動力,進入了機械化為主導的新階段。全國規(guī)模以上農機企業(yè)2500多家,是世界農機生產大國;農機裝備水平不斷發(fā)展,全國農機總動力近10億千瓦;全國農機戶及服務組織4249萬個,機耕、機播、機收、機械植保和機電灌溉作業(yè)面積合計超過63億畝,成為農機使用大國;全國農作物耕種收綜合機械化率超過67%,其中主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機械化率超過80%。
 
  2018年,科技研發(fā)投入19678億元
 
  這一切離不開科技創(chuàng)新投入,2018年,我國研發(fā)經費規(guī)模達到19678億元,居*二;研發(fā)支出占GDP比重達2.19%,超過2017年歐盟15國平均水平(2.13%);研發(fā)人員總量在2013年超過美國。強大的人才優(yōu)勢、完善的激勵機制、不斷加碼的研發(fā)投入,使得我國科技發(fā)展“軟環(huán)境”更加優(yōu)越,逐漸探索出一條從人才強、科技強到產業(yè)強、經濟強、國家強的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展新路徑。
 
  隨著人工智能、智能制造、大數據、云計算等高新科技在農業(yè)機械領域的不斷拓展應用,農業(yè)機械被賦予了智慧化特征,不斷釋放新動能。從無人駕駛拖拉機高速精量播種,到使用無人機遙感技術測試農作物長勢、監(jiān)測土壤肥力,再到變量施肥、變量施藥、水肥一體化,后實現實時測產的智能化收獲,智能化農機裝備成為了現代農業(yè)發(fā)展的新亮點。
 
  引進來”和“走出去”齊頭并進,加強合作
 
  與此同時,如果說科技是人類文明的結晶,那么,開放包容就是科技進步的硬核。我國對外經貿“引進來”和“走出去”齊頭并進,區(qū)域經貿合作持續(xù)推進,形成了、多層次、寬領域的全面開放新格局。
 
  隨著我國農機出口型企業(yè)轉型升級步伐的加快,出口型產品性能和可靠性正在不斷提升,駐外服務的能力也在加強,我國的拖拉機及農機具、收割機、烘干機、植保機械等產品深受亞洲、非洲等地用戶的青睞,農機出口市場依然廣闊。據海關統計數據:2017年農機行業(yè)進出口總額123.27億美元,同比增長11.18%。出口額100.89億美元,同比增長14.53%。其中,拖拉機(包括輪、履及履帶牽引車、手扶)出口總量是151519臺,同比增長20.40%。
 
  2019中國農業(yè)機械展覽會將于10月30日在青島西海岸新區(qū)青島世界博覽城展覽中心開幕,在展會第二日下午(10月31日),中國農業(yè)機械流通協會將在會議中心舉辦以“聚焦亞太、共贏”為主題的中國農機貿易峰會,促進中國農機行業(yè)“走出去、引進來”,加強我國與亞太區(qū)域以及的農機貿易與合作。
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