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農(nóng)機市場“L”型走勢下,行業(yè)出路在哪里?

—————記中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會8月7-8日青島會后總結(jié)
2018-08-09 16:52:42 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:48092 評論

導讀:2018年,農(nóng)機行業(yè)似乎變得舉步維艱。據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,今年上半年,我國大型拖拉機、中型拖拉機、小型拖拉機和收獲機械產(chǎn)量同期同比下降20.4%、8.8%、31.2%和0.6%。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 2018年,農(nóng)機行業(yè)似乎變得舉步維艱。據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,今年上半年,我國大型拖拉機、中型拖拉機、小型拖拉機和收獲機產(chǎn)量同期同比下降20.4%、8.8%、31.2%和0.6%。同時據(jù)相關(guān)經(jīng)營數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,今年上半年拖拉機制造工業(yè)企業(yè)主營業(yè)務收入、利潤雙雙同比下滑,25—100馬力段拖拉機銷售量同比下降18.79%,100馬力以上拖拉機同比下降18.4%;另外,聯(lián)合收獲機、插秧機上半年總體銷量分別下滑28%、49.4%。
 
  從以上數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,主流農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品市場已趨于飽和。去年眾多農(nóng)機企業(yè)對于2018年農(nóng)機市場出現(xiàn)“V”型反轉(zhuǎn)的期望落空,業(yè)內(nèi)人士分析,未來農(nóng)機市場將呈“L”型走勢。
 
  產(chǎn)品低端+粗放增長→市場飽和
 
  自2004年實行農(nóng)機購置補貼以來,雖然農(nóng)機市場在產(chǎn)值和銷售額上取得了的成績,但不得不承認,這十幾年來主要是偏于數(shù)量的粗放式增長。
 
  在產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)上,集中在大眾化的低端產(chǎn)品方面,大多數(shù)農(nóng)機企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品大同小異,缺乏創(chuàng)新,中產(chǎn)品較少。另外從存量的角度看,經(jīng)過十幾年的增長,拖拉機、聯(lián)合收割機等主流產(chǎn)品裝備數(shù)量龐大,某種程度上已過量,已經(jīng)能夠滿足生產(chǎn)需要,市場已趨于飽和。而另一方面,經(jīng)濟作物、果蔬茶以及丘陵山區(qū)領(lǐng)域等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)仍然比較落后,相關(guān)產(chǎn)品缺乏,機械化程度亟待提高。
 
  行業(yè)整合 + 創(chuàng)新升級→出路
 
  農(nóng)機市場經(jīng)歷的“黃金十年”,與現(xiàn)今相比存較大反差?,F(xiàn)階段加快行業(yè)整合、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、企業(yè)提高自主創(chuàng)新能力是必然出路也是出路。當前農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展步伐不斷加快,農(nóng)機化發(fā)展也應進入新時期:機械化向著更加廣度、深度發(fā)展,由單一型、粗放型向全程、全面、高質(zhì)、轉(zhuǎn)型升級,主要糧食作物耕種收環(huán)節(jié)向植保、烘干、秸稈處理等方面延伸,從糧食作物快速向棉、油、糖等經(jīng)濟作物擴展。

 
  在8月7日召開的全國農(nóng)機流通工作會議上,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司副司長李安寧提出,要培育發(fā)展農(nóng)機化轉(zhuǎn)型升級的新動能,培育新要素、新主體,同時發(fā)展新制造、新產(chǎn)品,打造新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式,構(gòu)建新制度、新平臺。當下,由創(chuàng)新,推動農(nóng)機化轉(zhuǎn)型升級的新動能正在萌發(fā)、生長、壯大,各方面要凝心聚力,加快步伐,推動農(nóng)機化動能轉(zhuǎn)換到主要依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動上來。
 
  規(guī)?;?集約化→小農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營
 
  由于我國地少人多的基本國情限制,目前小農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營依然占大多數(shù),一方面是主流農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品市場飽和缺乏需求,另一方面是急需改變的手工、半手工小農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營現(xiàn)狀。因此,加快土地集約化經(jīng)營、促進農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務是當前農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化面臨的重要問題。

 
  在8月8日全國農(nóng)機流通工作會議上,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟體制與經(jīng)營管理司巡視員冀名峰在會議上作了題為《創(chuàng)新農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務工作 構(gòu)建農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展新動能》的報告,他表示,要加快培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,引導土地流轉(zhuǎn)。讓“種不了”或“種不好地”的農(nóng)民將經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)給新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體經(jīng)營;發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管,將農(nóng)民“種不好”、“種不了”或自己種了不合算的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)委托給社會化服務組織完成。土地規(guī)模化經(jīng)營帶來的首先是物質(zhì)成本的下降,另外機械對人工的替代帶來成本大幅度下降也是明顯的,原本昂貴的人工勞動力由低成本的機械代替。
 
  冀名峰堅信,通過發(fā)展社會化服務推動農(nóng)業(yè)特別是小農(nóng)農(nóng)業(yè)實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化是一條普遍規(guī)律,農(nóng)業(yè)機械未來一定大有可為。
 
  果蔬茶機械→未來新藍海
 
  主流農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品過剩的同時果蔬茶等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品卻。機械化進程中主要糧食作物不能*,農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化必須是全程全面的。我國作為水果、蔬菜、茶葉等經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)、消費大國,要實現(xiàn)全面機械化,果蔬茶機械未來必定是一片新的藍海。
 
  8月6日在青島召開的中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會六屆九次常務理事會上,中國農(nóng)機流通協(xié)會副會長吳軍旗在會上宣讀了擬籌備成立中國農(nóng)機流通協(xié)會果蔬茶機械分會的報告,并提請大會審議通過。
 
  會議表示,中國農(nóng)機流通協(xié)會果蔬茶機械分會將在協(xié)會舉行的章丘蔥姜蒜、辣椒機械化專題活動,以及保定北方果園機械化專題活動的基礎(chǔ)上,搭建農(nóng)機科研、生產(chǎn)、推廣、使用、社會化服務等環(huán)節(jié)的交流溝通平臺,積極分享先進農(nóng)機化技術(shù),探討機械化生產(chǎn)的*條件,幫助對接產(chǎn)供需群體,有效推進我國果蔬茶生產(chǎn)機械化發(fā)展。
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