2025年大豆玉米帶狀復合種植病蟲害防控技術(shù)方案

2025-03-03 10:26:15 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：6862 評論

　　大豆玉米帶狀復合種植區(qū)植株緊密、病蟲害種類多樣，甜菜夜蛾、斜紋夜蛾、點蜂緣蝽、莖腐病、根腐病、葉斑病等病蟲害在局部地區(qū)有加重發(fā)生的風險，為做好2025年復合種植病蟲害防治工作，全國農(nóng)技中心特制定本方案。
 
　　防治策略
 
　　堅持預防為主、綜合防治方針，以大豆玉米帶狀復合種植模式下主要病蟲害協(xié)同防治為重點，綜合應用健康栽培、理化誘控、生物防治和科學用藥等技術(shù)措施，抓住病蟲發(fā)生窗口期實施綜合防治，合理利用高效植保器械，切實提高防治效果，保障生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量安全。
 
　　防治對象
 
　　（一）西南間（套）作種植模式區(qū)
 
　　玉米：穗腐病、白斑病、紋枯病、大斑病、灰斑病、南方銹病，草地貪夜蛾、玉米螟、桃蛀螟、粘蟲、棉鈴蟲、蚜蟲等。大豆：根腐病、銹病、病毒病、炭疽病，斜紋夜蛾、豆莢螟、豆稈黑潛蠅、甜菜夜蛾、高隆象、稻綠蝽、地下害蟲等。
 
　　（二）西北間作模式區(qū)
 
　　玉米：銹病、莖腐病、大斑病，玉米螟、蚜蟲、葉螨、棉鈴蟲、地下害蟲、雙斑長跗螢葉甲等。大豆：根腐病、霜霉病、灰斑病，大豆食心蟲、大豆蚜蟲、豆莢螟、紅蜘蛛、棉鈴蟲、葉甲、地下害蟲等。
 
　　（三）黃淮海和長江中下游間作模式區(qū)
 
　　玉米：南方銹病、穗腐病、褐斑病、彎孢葉斑病、小斑病、莖腐病，玉米螟、棉鈴蟲、粘蟲、桃蛀螟、蚜蟲、薊馬等。大豆：根腐病、病毒病、炭疽病、擬莖點種腐(莖枯)病，甜菜夜蛾、棉鈴蟲、斜紋夜蛾、點蜂緣蝽、煙粉虱、豆莢螟、大豆食心蟲、地下害蟲等。
 
　　防控措施
 
　　（一）播種期。選用抗(耐)病蟲品種，合理密植。玉米選擇耐密緊湊型，種子處理以防治蚜蟲、薊馬、玉米莖腐病、絲黑穗為主；大豆選擇耐陰性品種，種子處理以防治大豆根腐病、擬莖點種腐病、地下害蟲、葉甲為主。選擇含有精甲·咯菌腈、噻呋酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻蟲嗪、吡蟲啉等成分的種衣劑。不同區(qū)域根據(jù)當?shù)刂饕∠x種類選擇相應的藥劑。
 
　　（二）苗期—玉米喇叭口期（大豆分枝期）。一是理化誘控措施，使用殺蟲燈、性誘劑、食誘劑、色板誘殺成蟲。二是生物防治措施，選用蘇云金桿菌、球孢白僵菌、核型多角體病毒、金龜子綠僵菌、短穩(wěn)桿菌等防治低齡幼蟲。三是化學防治措施，選用四氯蟲酰胺、甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽、乙基多殺菌素、噻蟲嗪等防治草地貪夜蛾、玉米螟、棉鈴蟲、蚜蟲、煙粉虱等害蟲；選用阿維菌素、唑螨酯等防治葉螨；選用吡唑醚菌酯、戊唑醇、寧南霉素等防治玉米、大豆地上部病害，可結(jié)合使用植物誘抗劑增強植株抗逆性。
 
　　（三）花期（玉米抽雄期）—成熟期。在前期防治的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)玉米大斑病、小斑病、南方銹病、褐斑病、穗腐病、鉆蛀性害蟲，大豆銹病、葉斑病、豆莢螟、大豆食心蟲、甜菜夜蛾等發(fā)生情況，針對性選用枯草芽孢桿菌、井岡霉素、吡唑·氟環(huán)唑、苯甲·嘧菌酯、丙環(huán)·嘧菌酯等殺菌劑和氯蟲苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、噻蟲嗪等殺蟲劑，合理混配噴施防治。防治蝸牛、蛞蝓類害蟲可撒施聚醛·甲萘威顆粒劑。防治點蜂緣蝽可用聚集信息素誘捕或噴施噻蟲嗪等藥劑。
 
　　注意事項
 
　　(一)大豆帶蔭蔽較重地塊，應采用植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑控旺，可選用烯效唑、多效唑等在大豆分枝期噴施一次，嚴重地塊花期可加噴一次。
 
　　(二)采用植保無人飛機施藥時要注意添加沉降劑等助劑，畝施藥液量1.5升以上。在防治害蟲時，要抓住低齡幼蟲防控最佳時期，以保苗、保芯、保產(chǎn)為目標開展統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。收獲后及時進行秸稈粉碎或者打包處理，以減少田間病殘體和蟲源數(shù)量。

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