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農(nóng)機化技術(shù)推廣典型案例之“推廣機構(gòu)+ 農(nóng)機學(xué)會 + 科研院?!蓖l(fā)力,探索農(nóng)機科技推廣新模式

2023-11-17 09:30:13 來源:連云港農(nóng)機推廣站 閱讀量:16388 評論

導(dǎo)讀:截至目前,全市農(nóng)業(yè)機械總動力達(dá)570萬千瓦,農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化水平86%。特色農(nóng)業(yè)機械化率為63.5%,與大田農(nóng)業(yè)存在較大的差距,短板比較明顯。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】近年來,連云港市農(nóng)機試驗推廣站在開展農(nóng)機新裝備新技術(shù)推廣過程中,通過與各類農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)主體的交流合作,逐步探索出以農(nóng)機學(xué)會為橋梁、以科研院校為技術(shù)支撐,以推廣機構(gòu)為最終發(fā)力點,協(xié)同推進的更加高效的農(nóng)機化技術(shù)推廣新模式。
 
  一、基本情況
 
  連云港市農(nóng)機試驗推廣站目前現(xiàn)有編制14名,實際在崗人員9名,其中高級及以上技術(shù)職稱6人,中級技術(shù)職稱1人,助理級技術(shù)職稱2人。連云港市耕地面積約580萬畝,以稻麥輪作為主,區(qū)域內(nèi)盛產(chǎn)水稻、小麥、花生、林果、桑茶和水產(chǎn)品。截至目前,全市農(nóng)業(yè)機械總動力達(dá)570萬千瓦,農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化水平86%。特色農(nóng)業(yè)機械化率為63.5%,與大田農(nóng)業(yè)存在較大的差距,短板比較明顯。
 
  2016年起,江蘇省率先啟動糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范創(chuàng)建工作,連云港市迅速開展農(nóng)機化補短板強弱項行動,將新裝備新技術(shù)示范推廣項目作為引領(lǐng)農(nóng)機化發(fā)展和推進全程機械化示范創(chuàng)建的重要方式。截至目前,市農(nóng)機試驗推廣站爭取到了各類省級農(nóng)機科技推廣項目5個,市級項目3個。期間與科研院校、合作社、企業(yè)、村委、家庭農(nóng)場等各類型農(nóng)業(yè)主體進行過項目合作,研發(fā)了一批新裝備,試驗示范了一批新機具,建設(shè)了一批核心示范區(qū),引進了一批新技術(shù),取得了良好的效果。
 
組織種植戶赴機具生產(chǎn)廠家考察學(xué)習(xí)
 
  期間恰逢市農(nóng)機學(xué)會換屆改選,時任江蘇海洋大學(xué)機械工程學(xué)院院長陳書法當(dāng)選新一屆學(xué)會會長,市農(nóng)機試驗推廣站站長崔小冬當(dāng)選學(xué)會秘書長,“推廣機構(gòu)+農(nóng)機學(xué)會+科研院校”模式的形成出現(xiàn)了初步契機。幾年里,市推廣站通過與各主體的交流合作,逐步探索,最終形成了一種以農(nóng)機學(xué)會為橋梁、以科研院校為重要技術(shù)支撐,以推廣機構(gòu)為最終發(fā)力點,協(xié)同推進的高效的農(nóng)機化技術(shù)推廣新模式。
 
農(nóng)機學(xué)會年度交流活動,會長陳書法發(fā)言
 
  二、主要做法
 
  (一)農(nóng)機學(xué)會搭橋梁
 
  新模式下,市農(nóng)機學(xué)會充分發(fā)揮了促進學(xué)術(shù)交流和技術(shù)進步的作用,通過開展學(xué)會活動、吸納新成員、建立交流群等方式,搭建起了企業(yè)、院校、推廣機構(gòu)和生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用單位的橋梁。農(nóng)機新裝備新技術(shù)在學(xué)會內(nèi)進行傳播,豐富了信息渠道;優(yōu)質(zhì)的種植大戶(園區(qū))在學(xué)會內(nèi)得以展現(xiàn),凸顯了示范引領(lǐng)作用;難點痛點問題在學(xué)會內(nèi)進行交流,降低了解決問題的成本。
 
  (二)科研院校顯技術(shù)
 
  新裝備新技術(shù)的引進推廣離不開科研院校的技術(shù)支持,在農(nóng)機推廣的過程中,隨時需要專業(yè)人員給與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。近年來,由農(nóng)機學(xué)會組織院校專家建立專家服務(wù)團,結(jié)合個人專業(yè)擅長,分片區(qū)、分品種制定了技術(shù)指導(dǎo)服務(wù)聯(lián)絡(luò)網(wǎng),分片開展技術(shù)服務(wù)。此舉既能幫助生產(chǎn)端及時解決遇到的問題,也給科研人員提供了與實際生產(chǎn)緊密聯(lián)系的渠道。
 
農(nóng)機示范推廣,手把手教農(nóng)戶機具使用要點
 
  (三)推廣機構(gòu)重示范
 
  農(nóng)機試驗推廣機構(gòu)是農(nóng)機新裝備新技術(shù)得以普及應(yīng)用的主要推動者。新模式下,農(nóng)機推廣機構(gòu)可以及時獲得最新的裝備、技術(shù)信息,快速聯(lián)系到優(yōu)質(zhì)的示范點、精準(zhǔn)聘請到合適的技術(shù)服務(wù)專家,大大提升了技術(shù)推廣的效率。近年來,市農(nóng)機推廣站得益于新型模式,在新裝備新技術(shù)示范推廣過程中,可以將更多的精力放在試驗示范和技術(shù)推廣層面,示范推廣的質(zhì)效有了明顯提升。
 
  三、取得成效
 
  近年來,市農(nóng)機學(xué)會主動吸納了近20名大專院校農(nóng)機方面的專家成員,新增會員單位40余家,拉攏了近百家農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè)進入我市農(nóng)機學(xué)會交流群,為我市農(nóng)機推廣提供了牢固的技術(shù)儲備。
 
  以我市林果類機械化生產(chǎn)裝備與技術(shù)推廣為例:2017年之前僅微噴灌裝置和小型手扶式除草機這兩種裝備在實際中應(yīng)用較多,其余的中耕、植保、施肥、修剪等機械作業(yè)難題較突出,林果類總體機械化率不足45%,丘陵山區(qū)則不足35%,市縣農(nóng)機推廣機構(gòu)對林果類作物的研究也嚴(yán)重不足。2017至2019年,連云港市農(nóng)機試驗推廣站連續(xù)實施2個林果類機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)與裝備示范推廣項目,建設(shè)了4個核心示范點,總面積超過1000畝,選取了黃桃、獼猴桃、大櫻桃和葡萄4個品種的果樹,示范推廣了中耕、割草、施肥、植保、開溝、電動修剪、運輸?shù)榷鄠€環(huán)節(jié)的10余種機具。其中,電動修枝剪、微耕機等小型適應(yīng)性強以及用于開溝施肥等可顯著降低勞動強度的裝備廣受好評。同時,積極引導(dǎo)縣區(qū)積極開展林果機械化示范推廣,灌南縣和贛榆區(qū)先后實施了林果類機械化技術(shù)與裝備的集成推廣項目。到2022年,全市林果類作物機械生產(chǎn)水平增長到60.2%,成效顯著。
 
黃桃示范區(qū)舉辦桃花節(jié),農(nóng)機裝備來站臺
 
  推廣期間,市農(nóng)機學(xué)會在機具選型、示范點選擇和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)等方面提供了極大的幫助,推廣機構(gòu)則將示范推廣環(huán)節(jié)做的更具實效。市農(nóng)機推廣站不僅進行了技術(shù)示范和培訓(xùn)推廣,還編寫了各類引進機具的操作規(guī)程,主要環(huán)節(jié)的機械化作業(yè)規(guī)范、機具配置方法、生產(chǎn)廠商名錄、技術(shù)宣傳手冊、技術(shù)科普視頻等一系列文件資料,組織種植大戶赴機具生產(chǎn)廠家實地考察,還參與編寫了全省葡萄機械化種植技術(shù)規(guī)范,對全市林果類機械化水平的提升起到了十分積極的作用。
 
組織種植戶赴機具生產(chǎn)廠家考察學(xué)習(xí)
 
  四、經(jīng)驗啟示
 
  各級農(nóng)機推廣機構(gòu)在技術(shù)人員較為緊缺、技術(shù)裝備快速更新、工作涉及面越來越廣的現(xiàn)實情況下,要想持續(xù)做好農(nóng)機新裝備新技術(shù)的推廣,不斷滿足農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需求,就需要因地制宜進行資源整合,積極聯(lián)合相關(guān)力量,豐富信息傳遞渠道,多措并舉提升示范推廣的效率。
 
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