提升丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化水平，中國(guó)一拖領(lǐng)銜出擊！

2022-08-25 09:49:12 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：32172 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】在全國(guó)丘陵山區(qū)縣中，耕地總面積達(dá)4668.60萬(wàn)公頃，約合7億畝，占全國(guó)的34.62%，播種面積5673.10萬(wàn)公頃，約合8.5億畝，占全國(guó)的34.20%，農(nóng)業(yè)人口29810萬(wàn)人，占全國(guó)的52.85%。
 
　　目前，我國(guó)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化處于較低水平。據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，典型丘陵山區(qū)縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率低于50%，在我國(guó)的南方地區(qū)特別是西南丘陵山區(qū)發(fā)展緩慢，與我國(guó)主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率超過(guò)80%的水平相差較大。因此，加快補(bǔ)齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化短板是當(dāng)前全國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)之一。
 
　　今年3月以來(lái)，中央一號(hào)文件、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部文件，多次提出推進(jìn)適宜丘陵山地、設(shè)施園藝的小型機(jī)械研發(fā)工作，推進(jìn)南方水稻機(jī)械化水平提升。2022年1月初農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)的《“十四五”全國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》明確提出，到2025年，丘陵山區(qū)縣(市、區(qū))農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到55%。
 
　　近日，由中國(guó)一拖集團(tuán)有限公司研發(fā)的東方紅MH804M丘陵山地輪式拖拉機(jī)成功下線，填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)丘陵山地專業(yè)型拖拉機(jī)產(chǎn)品空白，引起業(yè)界廣泛關(guān)注。
 
　　中國(guó)一拖技術(shù)中心產(chǎn)品管理總監(jiān)劉孟楠介紹，在東方紅MH804M丘陵山地輪式拖拉機(jī)研制中，中國(guó)一拖結(jié)合丘陵山區(qū)道路地形、作業(yè)方式和宜機(jī)化改造路線特點(diǎn)，突破了在復(fù)雜通過(guò)條件下，適于15°以上坡地丘陵山區(qū)通用動(dòng)力底盤的4項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。據(jù)了解，目前東方紅MH804M丘陵山地輪式拖拉機(jī)已完成產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和樣機(jī)試制，正在進(jìn)行性能試驗(yàn)和可靠性試驗(yàn)，預(yù)計(jì)在明年下半年實(shí)現(xiàn)上市銷售。
 
　　東方紅MH804M丘陵山地輪式拖拉機(jī)以國(guó)內(nèi)典型丘陵山地作業(yè)為主兼顧傳統(tǒng)作業(yè)，采用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置布置、折腰轉(zhuǎn)向、四輪等大、雙向駕駛、四輪制動(dòng)等多項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，使得該產(chǎn)品在丘陵山地作業(yè)穩(wěn)定性、通過(guò)性、轉(zhuǎn)向靈活性、安全性等方面具有普通拖拉機(jī)無(wú)可比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)，特別適用于丘陵山地、坡耕地、果園等特殊作業(yè)環(huán)境。
 
　　為了提升我國(guó)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化整體發(fā)展水平，近年來(lái)中國(guó)一拖始終站在前列。2020年，通過(guò)系列驗(yàn)證，中國(guó)一拖承擔(dān)的國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備”重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)“扭腰輪式拖拉機(jī)整機(jī)試驗(yàn)”成功達(dá)到試驗(yàn)任務(wù)目標(biāo)。
 
　　扭腰輪式拖拉機(jī)采用前后分段扭腰式連接傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中間設(shè)計(jì)有扭腰擺動(dòng)姿態(tài)調(diào)整裝置連接前后變速箱，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)地面的適應(yīng)，特別適用于丘陵山地作業(yè)。
 
　　經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)試，中國(guó)一拖開發(fā)的模擬打滑輥道試驗(yàn)臺(tái)可以完全實(shí)現(xiàn)樣機(jī)在單側(cè)單輪打滑、單側(cè)雙輪打滑和異側(cè)雙輪打滑狀態(tài)時(shí)的場(chǎng)地模擬；無(wú)線測(cè)試設(shè)備能采集到任何時(shí)間內(nèi)車輪所受的扭矩以及轉(zhuǎn)速等試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)；確定的扭腰輪式拖拉機(jī)扭矩分配測(cè)試試驗(yàn)方法可以達(dá)到試驗(yàn)任務(wù)目標(biāo)，獲得了測(cè)試專家組的一致認(rèn)可和高度評(píng)價(jià)。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部日前印發(fā)《“十四五”全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》，提出加快補(bǔ)齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化短板。要求從“推進(jìn)適宜裝備研發(fā)推廣、推進(jìn)農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造、推進(jìn)作業(yè)服務(wù)模式創(chuàng)新”三方面推進(jìn)。中國(guó)一拖此次發(fā)布全國(guó)首臺(tái)丘陵山地輪式拖拉機(jī)，憑借實(shí)力在業(yè)界發(fā)揮示范引領(lǐng)作用，對(duì)于推進(jìn)我國(guó)丘陵山地農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展邁出了一大步。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來(lái)源：河南日?qǐng)?bào)、中國(guó)一拖、新京報(bào)、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部。

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