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促進豬肉市場保供穩(wěn)價,談?wù)呃门c生豬養(yǎng)殖機械化

2020-03-18 18:04:05 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:51789 評論

導(dǎo)讀:2019年豬肉價格飆升的狀況想必不少人想起來還是心有余悸,而因疫情影響,我國的生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)也受到了較大沖擊,企業(yè)普遍面臨物資運輸不暢、復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)困難等問題。為了加快恢復(fù)生豬生產(chǎn),促進豬肉市場保供穩(wěn)價,近日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、發(fā)改委聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關(guān)于支持民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的實施意見》。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】很多人都說等到疫情結(jié)束以后要去報復(fù)性消費,但也有不少網(wǎng)友反駁。
 
  “我以為我會報復(fù),但是我沒有錢。”
 
  “報復(fù)不報復(fù)的,我心里沒數(shù)嗎?”
 
  “說什么報復(fù)性消費,還是趕緊報復(fù)性存錢吧!”
 
  事實上,雖然目前復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)有序進行,但是收入被疫情影響的人還真不在少數(shù),除離退休人員和公務(wù)員因工資剛性基本無影響之外,其他職業(yè)收入普遍受損,尤其是無固定工資職業(yè),如自由職業(yè)者、個體工商戶和一部分服務(wù)業(yè)人員,普遍收入大幅減少。在這種情況下,所謂的報復(fù)性消費也難免要更理智一點了。
 
  2019年豬肉價格飆升的狀況想必不少人想起來還是心有余悸,而因疫情影響,我國的生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)也受到了較大沖擊,企業(yè)普遍面臨物資運輸不暢、復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)困難等問題。為了加快恢復(fù)生豬生產(chǎn),促進豬肉市場保供穩(wěn)價,近日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、發(fā)改委聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關(guān)于支持民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的實施意見》。
 
  加大對民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)的政策扶持力度
 
  為切實加大對民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)的政策扶持力度,優(yōu)化民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的營商環(huán)境,鼓勵民營企業(yè)立足當(dāng)前加快恢復(fù)并擴大生豬生產(chǎn),確保我國豬肉基本自給,《意見》中明確了要加大對民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)的政策扶持力度。
 
  加大財政支持力度:繼續(xù)安排中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資支持生豬良種繁育、疫病防控、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖、畜禽糞污資源化利用等項目建設(shè)。用好生豬調(diào)出大縣獎勵資金,支持民營企業(yè)發(fā)展生豬生產(chǎn)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)。落實非洲豬瘟強制撲殺補助經(jīng)費。充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機購置補貼政策導(dǎo)向作用,將自動飼喂、環(huán)境控制、疫病防控、廢棄物處理等農(nóng)機裝備納入補貼機具種類范圍。中央和地方可按規(guī)定通過現(xiàn)有資金渠道,統(tǒng)籌支持地方豬保護和開發(fā)利用工作。
 
  完善金融保險支持政策:將生豬養(yǎng)殖場戶貸款貼息補助范圍由年出欄5000頭以上調(diào)整為500頭以上。鼓勵銀行將符合規(guī)定的土地經(jīng)營權(quán)、養(yǎng)殖圈舍、大型養(yǎng)殖機械和生豬活體納入可抵押品目錄,鼓勵農(nóng)業(yè)銀行等積極探索生豬養(yǎng)殖“大帶小”金融服務(wù)。更好發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)信貸擔(dān)保體系的作用,有針對性地對生豬養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)加大信貸擔(dān)保支持力度。鼓勵建立農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)交易中心,將生豬養(yǎng)殖設(shè)施等納入交易范疇。積極支持生豬養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)通過發(fā)行股票債券等開展直接融資。完善生豬政策性保險政策,鼓勵具備條件的地方持續(xù)開展并擴大生豬價格保險試點。
 
  針對疫情帶來的困難:將生豬生產(chǎn)和相關(guān)飼料企業(yè)、種豬企業(yè)、屠宰加工企業(yè)納入新冠肺炎疫情防控重點保障企業(yè)名單管理。加大支農(nóng)支小等各項再貸款對生豬生產(chǎn)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的支持力度。把飼料產(chǎn)品及原料、種畜禽、仔豬、出欄畜禽、冷鮮豬肉等納入生活必需品應(yīng)急運輸保障范圍,切實落實綠色通道政策。協(xié)調(diào)解決好建筑用工、建筑材料供應(yīng)等問題,確保各地新建和改擴建生豬養(yǎng)殖項目盡快開工復(fù)工、投產(chǎn)達產(chǎn)。
 
  現(xiàn)代生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢:養(yǎng)豬智能化
 
  近年來,隨著人工智能的快速發(fā)展,“AI養(yǎng)豬”可謂是賺足了眼球。阿里云與四川特驅(qū)集團、德康集團合作,通過ET大腦實現(xiàn)人工智能養(yǎng)豬,提高豬的存活率和產(chǎn)崽率,項目投入高達數(shù)億;京東也推出類似的“神農(nóng)大腦”,可通過“豬臉識別”,觀測與記錄每只豬的體重、生長、健康情況,實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)豬智能化。
 
  不僅如此,《關(guān)于加大農(nóng)機購置補貼力度支持生豬生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的通知》還要求各地“將全國農(nóng)機購置補貼機具種類范圍內(nèi)的所有適用于生豬生產(chǎn)的機具品目原則上全部納入本省補貼范圍”,并“對生豬養(yǎng)殖場(戶)購置自動飼喂、環(huán)境控制、疫病防控、廢棄物處理等農(nóng)機裝備應(yīng)補盡補”。
 
  隨著科技發(fā)展以及經(jīng)濟水平的提高,畜牧養(yǎng)殖向集約化、規(guī)?;l(fā)展是必由之路。采用現(xiàn)代化的飼喂設(shè)備與技術(shù)進行自動化飼喂,可以有效緩解勞動力成本高、生產(chǎn)效率低、飼料浪費的問題,是現(xiàn)代生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。目前,生豬自動化飼喂裝備一般應(yīng)用于大型規(guī)模養(yǎng)豬場,而中小型養(yǎng)殖場應(yīng)用較少,很多環(huán)節(jié)還是以人工或半機械化為主。
 
  在環(huán)境控制方面,近年來,以數(shù)字化技術(shù)為核心的智能化養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)不斷深入到生豬養(yǎng)殖的各個環(huán)節(jié),將單因素環(huán)境調(diào)控技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代物聯(lián)網(wǎng)智能化感知、傳輸和控制技術(shù)相結(jié)合,對養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境進行監(jiān)測與智能化調(diào)控。
 
  此外,在養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的同時,隨之而來的是以畜禽資源化利用為代表的環(huán)境保護壓力。與之相關(guān)的環(huán)保設(shè)備包括動物無害化處理設(shè)備,牧場糞便處理技術(shù)與設(shè)備,養(yǎng)殖污水、廢氣處理設(shè)備等。從這兩年來相關(guān)政策文件的發(fā)布頻率和指向看,養(yǎng)殖業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用將仍然是今年農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域熱門焦點之一。
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