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玉米測產(chǎn)亮實績 科學(xué)提產(chǎn)有依據(jù)

———臨汾市農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心開展玉米密植試驗田測產(chǎn)工作
2024-09-18 09:43:49 來源：山西省農(nóng)機發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：19911 評論

導(dǎo)讀：為準(zhǔn)確掌握試驗田玉米生長情況，近日市農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心組織9名技術(shù)人員到洪洞縣甘亭鎮(zhèn)試驗田開展玉米測產(chǎn)驗收工作。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 臨汾市農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心春玉米密植試驗田進入臘熟期，為準(zhǔn)確掌握試驗田玉米生長情況，近日市農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心組織9名技術(shù)人員到洪洞縣甘亭鎮(zhèn)試驗田開展玉米測產(chǎn)驗收工作。
 
　　玉米是臨汾市種植面積第一大糧食作物、經(jīng)濟作物、飼料作物，玉米密植生產(chǎn)全程機械化是現(xiàn)代玉米生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢，也是提高糧食單產(chǎn)的重要途徑。臨汾市于2022、2023年分別開展了玉米密植生產(chǎn)全程機械化試驗項目，均達到了預(yù)期的效果，為了對試驗結(jié)果進行進一步的論證，2024年繼續(xù)開展玉米密植生產(chǎn)全程機械化高產(chǎn)高效試驗，試驗田分春玉米和夏玉米兩種地塊，每塊試驗田分別采用每畝4000株、5000株、6000株三種種植模式。
 
　　玉米產(chǎn)量的測定采用5點法，在玉米臘熟期進行數(shù)據(jù)的測定。在檢測樣本地塊中隨機選取1塊，從四個地角開始沿對角線交叉點算起，在四分之一至八分之一對角線長的范圍內(nèi)選定一個數(shù)值，以此數(shù)值為長度，確定四個測區(qū)，再加上對角線的交叉點共5個測區(qū)。以穗粒數(shù)、畝產(chǎn)量、倒伏率以及根系參數(shù)為測試指標(biāo)。
 
　　拉卷尺、挖根系、扛玉米、測數(shù)據(jù)…… 技術(shù)人員根據(jù)5點法，科學(xué)取樣、詳實記錄，實地開展了測距、數(shù)株數(shù)、測量株高、接穗高度、近地節(jié)間長、徑桿長粗、根長、根數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)。采樣后對樣品進行人工脫粒，開展行粒數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、含水率、百粒重等數(shù)據(jù)測量，測量結(jié)果顯示4000株百粒重39.78g，平均穗粒數(shù)589粒，畝產(chǎn)708kg/畝；5000株百粒重40.2g，平均穗粒數(shù)607粒，畝產(chǎn)912kg/畝，6000株百粒重38.53g，平均穗粒數(shù)522粒，畝產(chǎn)802kg/畝。經(jīng)試驗分析，在施肥水平高、土壤肥力好、墑情適宜、灌溉條件、生產(chǎn)條件好的情況下，密植模式有較大優(yōu)勢，可獲得高產(chǎn)量，但實際生產(chǎn)中種植過密容易引起肥力不足和空桿等現(xiàn)象，5000株種植模式效益最高。
 
　　玉米種植通過適當(dāng)密植提高了質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量，達到了增產(chǎn)增收的效果，收獲了高質(zhì)量的經(jīng)濟效益，為臨汾市合理密植玉米生產(chǎn)全程機械化推廣打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

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