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鄂爾多斯:多措并舉強化技術服務,助力玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程高質(zhì)量實施

2024-07-01 09:01:02 來源:內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯市農(nóng)牧局 閱讀量:17355 評論

導讀:為促進玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程關鍵技術到位,充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)代裝備和先進技術在提單產(chǎn)促增效方面的效果,鄂爾多斯市自春耕備耕以來多措并舉強化技術服務,為示范區(qū)玉米全年豐收奠定堅實基礎。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程是2024年鄂爾多斯市農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)領域的“頭號工程”,在內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯市達拉特旗和鄂托克前旗分別實施,示范區(qū)總建設面積40萬畝,輻射帶動全市玉米生產(chǎn)。為促進玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程關鍵技術到位,充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)代裝備和先進技術在提單產(chǎn)促增效方面的效果,鄂爾多斯市自春耕備耕以來多措并舉強化技術服務,為示范區(qū)玉米全年豐收奠定堅實基礎。
 
  一、開展多層次技術培訓,理清單產(chǎn)提升技術脈絡
 
  玉米密植精準調(diào)控技術是玉米單產(chǎn)提升的支撐技術,該技術以增密種植為核心,精準調(diào)控是技術的關鍵,與常規(guī)種植管理相比操作要求較高、難度較大,為使廣大示范主體更好地掌握技術的原理和要領,確保其增產(chǎn)增效優(yōu)勢充分發(fā)揮,市農(nóng)牧局、市農(nóng)牧技術推廣中心提早謀劃,在4月前及時組織召開了3場技術培訓會,邀請到中國農(nóng)科院、自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)技術推廣中心相關專家現(xiàn)身說法,詳細講解玉米密植精準調(diào)控技術的增產(chǎn)原理和“六大精準”關鍵技術,并解答技術推廣中可能出現(xiàn)的問題,3場技術培訓參與人數(shù)達到650人,基本實現(xiàn)了對示范主體的全覆蓋,取得良好效果。在市級培訓后,達拉特旗、鄂托克前旗立即組織專業(yè)技術人員深入各重點任務鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)開展一輪巡回培訓,結合生產(chǎn)實際和增產(chǎn)目標再次為廣大示范主體剖析技術原理,強調(diào)技術規(guī)范,有效鞏固了市級培訓的成果。春播前全市共組織技術培訓48期,覆蓋示范主體3000余人次,發(fā)放技術資料5700余份。通過技術培訓,廣大示范主體對玉米密植精準調(diào)控技術有了更加清晰的認識,有利于后續(xù)生產(chǎn)中各項關鍵技術落地。
 
  二、組織多角度現(xiàn)場觀摩,規(guī)范單產(chǎn)提升技術操作
 
  在今年玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程實施過程中,鄂爾多斯市引進高性能播種機240余臺并全部配備導航系統(tǒng)以著力解決過往生產(chǎn)中存在的玉米播種質(zhì)量不高的問題。為保證新引進機械和裝備在生產(chǎn)中能充分發(fā)揮效能,市旗兩級農(nóng)技推廣部門在玉米春播時節(jié)強化了對機械的演示和調(diào)試,先后組織了5次播種現(xiàn)場觀摩會,邀請機械生產(chǎn)廠家技術人員就機械調(diào)試和使用注意事項進行講解,確保農(nóng)機手了解機械結構、掌握機械操作。同時,結合機械演示向廣大示范主體展示精細整地、精量播種等關鍵技術所應達到的標準,為提高示范區(qū)玉米播種質(zhì)量奠定基礎。在機械和技術的密切配合下,今年單產(chǎn)提升示范區(qū)玉米的播種質(zhì)量和保苗情況明顯好于往年,核心示范區(qū)的調(diào)查顯示,該區(qū)域玉米保苗率較往年提高約5個百分點,平均達到91.8%,高產(chǎn)的群體基礎已經(jīng)建成。
 
  三、強化多維度田間指導,確保單產(chǎn)提升技術落地
 
  田間指導是確保技術到位的關鍵舉措,春播以來鄂爾多斯市采取分片包干的方式組織市旗兩級專業(yè)技術人員對達拉特旗、鄂托克前旗承擔玉米單產(chǎn)提升任務的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、蘇木開展全覆蓋式技術服務,截至目前,技術人員以現(xiàn)場指導為主,電話、視頻為輔的方式開展技術指導435次,服務玉米單產(chǎn)提升示范主體4000余人次,服務涵蓋播種、施肥、滴水、除草、化控、機械調(diào)試等玉米前期全部生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié),在提高玉米播種質(zhì)量,保證滴水出苗等關鍵技術落地方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。除開展常規(guī)技術指導外,鄂爾多斯市還加強了對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)突發(fā)事件的應對和指導,6月上旬,各地玉米陸續(xù)進入3-5展葉期,正是苗后除草重要時期,在下鄉(xiāng)服務過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)部分玉米單產(chǎn)提升項目地塊由于除草操作不規(guī)范,出現(xiàn)了一定程度藥害,專業(yè)技術人員及時響應,針對用藥不規(guī)范的情況及時指導還未除草的示范主體調(diào)整用藥種類和用量,增加配藥水量,避免藥害發(fā)生,同時對已發(fā)生藥害地塊指導示范主體通過葉面噴施生長調(diào)節(jié)劑和葉面肥進行緩解,將危害降到最低。6月6日,達拉特旗突發(fā)冰雹災害,受災面積14.8萬畝,中和西鎮(zhèn)和王愛召鎮(zhèn)部分玉米單產(chǎn)提升地塊也受影響,市旗兩級專業(yè)技術人員收到訊息后第一時間趕赴現(xiàn)場勘察受災情況,根據(jù)不同地塊的災情和玉米生長狀況,分類施策提出應對措施,同時及時協(xié)調(diào)葉面肥、生長調(diào)節(jié)劑和殺菌劑發(fā)放到受災農(nóng)戶手中并指導合理噴施,有效降低了災害損失。
 
  四、落實多元化試驗示范,完善單產(chǎn)提升技術模式
 
  玉米密植精準調(diào)控技術雖已是成熟的技術,但畢竟在鄂爾多斯市推廣時間較短,部分技術環(huán)節(jié)難免存在適用性不足的問題,為進一步提升該技術在本地區(qū)的適用性,更好地為玉米單產(chǎn)提升服務,今年鄂爾多斯市農(nóng)牧技術推廣中心整合自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)技術推廣中心和達拉特旗農(nóng)牧技術推廣中心力量,采用“三級聯(lián)創(chuàng)”的方式,依托優(yōu)質(zhì)高效增糧行動、玉米單產(chǎn)提升工程、綠色高產(chǎn)高效行動等項目,在達拉特旗王愛召鎮(zhèn)王愛召村著力打造了1個玉米密植精準調(diào)控技術千畝試驗示范區(qū),引進耐密品種41個,安排品種密度配合試驗、鉀肥增量效果試驗、滴灌水量精準控制試驗、無底肥技術示范等5項試驗示范,以期實現(xiàn)品種優(yōu)選、密度適宜、水肥優(yōu)化的技術目標,同時創(chuàng)建1個300畝的玉米超高產(chǎn)示范區(qū),選用禾眾玉11和迪卡R1831兩個品種,種植密度分別達到5800株/畝和6500株/畝,力爭通過技術升級和精細管理實現(xiàn)1400公斤/畝以上產(chǎn)量目標,樹立高產(chǎn)標桿。千畝試驗示范區(qū)于4月30日—5月3日播種,嚴格落實精細整地、精量播種、滴水出苗等關鍵技術,出苗情況和前期長勢明顯好于上年,后續(xù)在繼續(xù)加強田間管理,強化數(shù)據(jù)總結后可以形成完善的技術模式,為玉米密植精準調(diào)控技術的本土化提供支撐。
 
  夏至已過,玉米即將進入生殖生長關鍵階段,下一步,鄂爾多斯市將繼續(xù)組織各級專業(yè)技術人員,持續(xù)加強田間技術指導,強化培訓交流,并及時組織現(xiàn)場觀摩和高產(chǎn)競賽等活動,在保障示范區(qū)精準水肥調(diào)控、一噴多促、統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治等關鍵技術措施落實落細的同時,突出技術宣傳擴散和數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)驗總結,推動鄂爾多斯市玉米等糧食作物單產(chǎn)進位升級,總產(chǎn)再創(chuàng)新高。
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