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2022年宿州市夏季主要農(nóng)作物科學(xué)施肥指導(dǎo)意見

2022-05-12 08:58:11 來源：宿州市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局 閱讀量：16506 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：為做好夏季主要農(nóng)作物科學(xué)施肥工作，特制定本施肥意見。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】為做好夏季主要農(nóng)作物科學(xué)施肥工作，特制定本施肥意見。
 
　　一、夏玉米
 
　　(一)施肥原則及指導(dǎo)意見
 
　　1.以種肥同播為主要施肥方式，大力推進(jìn)緩控釋高氮配方肥，將肥料施入種子以下8厘米部位。
 
　　2.全市高鉀地區(qū)減少鉀素用量，普遍可減少3-4公斤，土壤速效鉀含量在150mg/kg以上的田塊本季可以全減鉀肥。鉀素不足的田塊相應(yīng)施入所需鉀肥。高磷田塊減少磷素施用，土壤速效磷含量在30mg/kg以上的田塊本季可不施磷肥。
 
　　3.玉米喜鋅，本市大部分土壤缺鋅，凡缺鋅田塊補(bǔ)施鋅肥。
 
　　4.提倡秸稈還田，推廣麥草(在玉米行間)覆蓋還田，可提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量，培肥地力。
 
　　5、有機(jī)肥易施入的田塊，提倡施入有機(jī)肥，或有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥，利于提高糧食生產(chǎn)能力。
 
　　6、請(qǐng)各地施肥時(shí)注意查詢各縣測(cè)土配方施肥應(yīng)用管理系統(tǒng)，或微信APP或聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)赝练什块T，力爭(zhēng)施用配方肥或有效指導(dǎo)農(nóng)民按方施肥，有效提高測(cè)土配方施肥技術(shù)覆蓋率90%以上。
 
　　(二)施肥建議
 
　　1.產(chǎn)量水平700公斤/畝以上：氮肥(N)16-17公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)6-7公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)5-6公斤/畝。
 
　　2、產(chǎn)量水平600-700公斤/畝以上：氮肥(N)15-16公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)5-6公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)4-5公斤/畝。
 
　　3.產(chǎn)量水平500-600公斤/畝：氮肥(N)14-15公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)4-5公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)3-4公斤/畝。
 
　　4.沒有選購(gòu)到緩釋配方肥的，氮肥不宜一次性基施。基肥用上述產(chǎn)量所需的全部磷素和鉀素以及50%的氮素作基肥。余下的氮肥于大喇叭口期追肥。
 
　　推廣鋅肥在大喇叭口期用無人機(jī)葉面噴施，畝用2兩農(nóng)用硫酸鋅加2兩磷酸二氫鉀溶解50公斤水配成溶液，于晴天下午4點(diǎn)后噴施，對(duì)促進(jìn)灌漿，增加粒重具有很好的效果。
 
　　二、大豆
 
　　(一)施肥原則指導(dǎo)意見
 
　　1.以種肥同播為主要施肥方式，大力推進(jìn)新型優(yōu)質(zhì)大豆根瘤菌肥應(yīng)用(不同品種肥料使用方法參加使用說明)，或在缺鉬田塊補(bǔ)施鉬肥，提高結(jié)瘤效率。注重大豆配方肥施用，尤其做好大豆玉米復(fù)合帶狀種植區(qū)配方肥施肥指導(dǎo)。
 
　　2.土壤速效鉀含量在150mg/kg以上的田塊本季可以不施鉀肥。鉀素不足的田塊相應(yīng)施入所需鉀肥。土壤速效磷含量在30mg/kg以上的田塊本季可不施磷肥。
 
　　3.提倡秸稈還田，推廣麥草(在大豆行間)覆蓋還田，可提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量，有效提升土壤保墑能力，培肥地力。
 
　　4、有機(jī)肥易施入的田塊，提倡施入有機(jī)肥，或有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥，有效提高耕地質(zhì)量，同時(shí)提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。
 
　　5、在埇靈泗南部偏酸性土壤上，選用以鈣鎂磷肥為磷原料的配方肥。
 
　　(二)施肥建議
 
　　高產(chǎn)田塊施肥量高些，低產(chǎn)田塊施肥量少些?；ㄇv期植株生長(zhǎng)健壯繁茂，不需追肥，防徒長(zhǎng)倒伏。
 
　　1、目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量為200公斤/畝以上：氮肥(N)5-6公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)3-4公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)3-4公斤/畝。
 
　　2、目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量為175-200公斤/畝：氮肥(N)4.5-5公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)2.5-3公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)2.5-3公斤/畝。
 
　　3、目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量150-175公斤/畝：氮肥(N)4-4.5公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)2-2.5公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)2-2.5公斤/畝。
 
　　4、沒有施用生物根瘤菌肥的田塊，推廣花期葉面噴施0.02%鉬酸銨，促進(jìn)根瘤菌形成，提高固氮能力，促進(jìn)蛋白質(zhì)的合成。
 
　　附：各縣新研發(fā)的測(cè)土配方施肥信息查詢系統(tǒng)
 
　　蕭縣農(nóng)技公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)，微信公眾號(hào)：xxnjggfwpt168
 
　　泗縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局，         微信公眾號(hào)：sxnyjstg
 
　　靈璧縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局，      微信公眾號(hào)：gh_71032fcfe753

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