2024年秋冬季桃科學(xué)施肥指導(dǎo)意見

2024-09-25 08:44:48 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：14892 評論

　　施肥原則
 
　　針對桃園普遍存在的土壤肥力低、有機(jī)肥用量少，肥料用量、氮磷鉀配比、施肥時(shí)期和方法不合理等問題，提出以下施肥原則：
 
　　(1)增加有機(jī)肥施用量，提倡有機(jī)無機(jī)配合施用。依據(jù)土壤肥力、品種特性和產(chǎn)量水平，合理調(diào)控氮磷鉀肥施用數(shù)量，早熟品種施肥量一般比晚熟品種少15%—30%。注意鈣、鐵、鎂、硼、鋅和銅等中微量元素的配合施用。
 
　　(2)優(yōu)化施肥灌水時(shí)期，桃果采摘后一個(gè)月左右進(jìn)行秋施基肥，注重桃果膨大期追肥，硬核期適當(dāng)控水、控氮，采摘前3周不宜追施氮肥和大量灌水，以免影響品質(zhì)。
 
　　(3)肥料施用與綠色增產(chǎn)增效栽培技術(shù)相結(jié)合，夏季排水不暢的平地桃園需做好起壟、覆膜、生草等工作，干旱地區(qū)提倡采用地膜覆蓋、穴貯肥水技術(shù)。
 
　　(4)受春季霜凍降雪低溫影響，減產(chǎn)幅度較大果園，適當(dāng)降低氮肥用量，葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀數(shù)次，控制營養(yǎng)生長、穩(wěn)定樹勢。
 
　　(5)秋季降雨較多地區(qū)，注意及時(shí)排水，適當(dāng)減少氮肥用量，增加鈣肥噴施次數(shù)，防止果實(shí)裂果。
 
　　施肥建議
 
　　(1)產(chǎn)量水平3000公斤/畝以上，施用有機(jī)肥2—3方/畝，氮肥(N)8—10公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)4—6公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)6—9公斤/畝；產(chǎn)量水平2000—3000公斤/畝，有機(jī)肥2—3方/畝，氮肥(N)6—9公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)4—6公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)6—8公斤/畝；產(chǎn)量水平2000公斤/畝以下，有機(jī)肥2—3方/畝，氮肥(N)5—8公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)3—5公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)5—8公斤/畝。
 
　　(2)前一年落葉早或產(chǎn)量高的果園，采用“因缺補(bǔ)缺”、矯正施用的策略，通過根外追肥補(bǔ)充中微量元素。萌芽前可噴施2—3次1%—3%的尿素溶液，萌芽后至7月中旬之前，定期噴施2次尿素(0.2%—0.3%)和1次磷酸二氫鉀(0.3%—0.5%)溶液。
 
　　(3)有機(jī)肥和化肥作秋季基肥，于桃采摘后秋季采用開溝方法施用。

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