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大田作物重點推廣農(nóng)業(yè)無人機！山東省持續(xù)推進化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效

2022-04-15 13:43:47 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：30444 評論

導讀：推廣高效施藥機械，加快背負式手動噴霧器等老舊施藥機械淘汰進度。在大田作物上重點推廣農(nóng)業(yè)無人機，在設(shè)施蔬菜上引進超低量噴霧機、精準施藥機，在果園內(nèi)引進風送式果林噴霧機

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 眾所周知，化肥農(nóng)藥的過多使用對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成一定污染，不利于農(nóng)業(yè)綠色健康發(fā)展。推進化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效，推進調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)投入結(jié)構(gòu)，是加快農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、綠色發(fā)展的必然要求。
 
　　雖然近些年化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效工作取得一定成效，但當下化肥農(nóng)藥投入仍處在治存量、遏增量、增效益的關(guān)口，還需要加力推進減量增效工作。近日，山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于持續(xù)推進化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效工作的意見》(以下簡稱《意見》)，提出圍繞主要作物、重點區(qū)域、關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)、重大病蟲等，實化技術(shù)措施，深入推進科學施肥、施藥，實現(xiàn)化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效。
 
　　《意見》提出，到2023年，在糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)、果菜茶優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)等重點區(qū)域，全省化肥使用量較2020年減少3%，配方肥應用面積從2020年的400萬公頃增加到440萬公頃；在農(nóng)業(yè)重大病蟲發(fā)生平穩(wěn)的情況下，全省農(nóng)藥使用量較2020年減少6%，農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物得到有效回收和處理。
 
　　《意見》明確了七項主要措施：
 
　　推廣化肥減量增效技術(shù)：在全省統(tǒng)籌開展緩控釋肥等新型肥料試驗示范、宣傳培訓等工作，加大綠色先進施肥技術(shù)推廣應用，實施精準施肥、減少化肥用量；推進化肥減量增效示范縣建設(shè)，建成化肥減量增效技術(shù)示范區(qū)17萬畝。
 
　　組織實施綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)試點等項目：在全省糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和蘋果、蔬菜等優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)繼續(xù)開展有機肥替代化肥行動，集成推廣綠色種養(yǎng)技術(shù)模式，引導農(nóng)民多用有機肥，實現(xiàn)化肥減量。支持商河縣等23個縣開展綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)試點，探索建立糞肥收集-處理-配送-使用激勵機制，示范推廣“堆肥腐熟還田”“沼渣沼液還田”“商品有機肥施用”等技術(shù)模式，推動有機肥替代化肥行動向縱深發(fā)展。
 
　　推廣水肥一體化：持續(xù)推進糧油綠色高質(zhì)高效創(chuàng)建--節(jié)水增糧增效項目實施。以項目為抓手，因地制宜示范推廣一批各具特色的典型技術(shù)模式，引領(lǐng)大田水肥一體化發(fā)展。分解水肥一體化新增面積任務指標到市，實行季度統(tǒng)計調(diào)度制度，及時掌握各市發(fā)展動態(tài)，督促各市統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，推進實施水肥一體化，確保完成每年新增50萬畝目標任務。
 
　　加強用藥技術(shù)指導：組織開展“全國百萬農(nóng)民科學安全用藥培訓”行動，圍繞關(guān)鍵農(nóng)時季節(jié)、生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)，開展主題突出、貼近農(nóng)戶的培訓宣傳活動，普及農(nóng)藥減量增效技術(shù)，提升農(nóng)民安全用藥意識與使用技能；開展病蟲害防控技術(shù)指導行動，組織技術(shù)人員深入生產(chǎn)一線，指導科學選藥、正確配藥、嚴格噴藥；推進測報智能化、信息化，用好全省農(nóng)作物病蟲監(jiān)測預警網(wǎng)絡，實現(xiàn)監(jiān)測到位、預報精準，指導農(nóng)戶適期預防、對癥下藥、達標防治。
 
　　提升病蟲害綠色防控和專業(yè)化服務能力：持續(xù)推進綠色防控示范縣創(chuàng)建，集成一批可復制可推廣的農(nóng)作物病蟲害全程綠色防控技術(shù)模式，建設(shè)一批綠色防控示范基地，打造綠色防控技術(shù)的樣板田、展示田、培訓田，輻射帶動農(nóng)藥減量增效技術(shù)的大范圍應用。持續(xù)推進病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治示范縣創(chuàng)建活動，整縣制推進農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化防治服務工作；培育壯大一批裝備精良、技術(shù)先進、管理規(guī)范、信譽良好的專業(yè)化防治服務組織，提升全省病蟲害專業(yè)化防治能力和水平。
 
　　推進高效植保機械替代落后施藥器械：推廣高效施藥機械，加快背負式手動噴霧器等老舊施藥機械淘汰進度。在大田作物上重點推廣農(nóng)業(yè)無人機，在設(shè)施蔬菜上引進超低量噴霧機、精準施藥機，在果園內(nèi)引進風送式果林噴霧機，在大豆玉米帶狀復合種植區(qū)引進雙控定向施藥機等高效施藥機械，提升全省高效施藥裝備的保有量水平；實施施藥機械替代行動。對農(nóng)戶常用的背負式噴霧器、擔架式動力噴霧機實施替代行動，加快替代噴霧不均勻、沉積率低的老舊噴霧器械和跑冒滴漏的噴施部件。
 

 

　　建立農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理體系：落實《山東省農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理管理辦法》規(guī)定，推動農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、農(nóng)藥經(jīng)營單位和農(nóng)藥使用者落實回收處理義務，推動建立農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)者、經(jīng)營者、使用者、回收站(點)等組成的回收體系，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物有效回收處理。
 
　　《意見》要求各地農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門健全化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效穩(wěn)定投入保障機制，加大對化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效關(guān)鍵技術(shù)支持力度，不斷提升化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效工作政策措施和技術(shù)水平。要結(jié)合本地實際，細化工作方案，加大技術(shù)指導和宣傳培訓力度，強化剛性約束，確保順利實現(xiàn)全省化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效目標。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。

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