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加大這類農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼力度!茶產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)機(jī)械或?qū)⒂瓉砀蟀l(fā)展機(jī)遇

2021-09-18 17:20:18 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:56274 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,我國茶產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,產(chǎn)量和消費(fèi)總量居世界首位,但存在部分地區(qū)無序擴(kuò)張、茶產(chǎn)品開發(fā)利用不夠、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)、文化內(nèi)涵挖掘不深等突出問題,亟需加強(qiáng)引導(dǎo)、加大扶持,促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 茶是世界三大飲品之一。目前,產(chǎn)茶國和地區(qū)已達(dá)60多個(gè),茶葉產(chǎn)量近600萬噸,貿(mào)易量超過200萬噸,飲茶人口超過20億。茶葉作為重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,是很多不發(fā)達(dá)國家數(shù)百萬貧困家庭的主要謀生手段,也是部分貧困國家主要的收入和出口創(chuàng)匯來源,已經(jīng)成為很多國家特別是發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)和農(nóng)民收入的重要來源。
 

 

  我國是茶葉大國,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),全國茶園面積約4400萬畝,茶葉年產(chǎn)量約260萬噸,分別占世界的60%和45%。近年來,我國茶產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,產(chǎn)量和消費(fèi)總量居世界首位,但存在部分地區(qū)無序擴(kuò)張、茶產(chǎn)品開發(fā)利用不夠、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)、文化內(nèi)涵挖掘不深等突出問題,亟需加強(qiáng)引導(dǎo)、加大扶持,促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。
 
  對此,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局、中華全國供銷合作總社三部門近日聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關(guān)于促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見》(以下簡稱《指導(dǎo)意見》),提出到2025年,茶園面積穩(wěn)定在現(xiàn)有水平,茶產(chǎn)業(yè)科技貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)65%;干毛茶總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到3500億元,茶葉出口額達(dá)到25億美元,培育若干個(gè)年銷售額超20億元的大型現(xiàn)代茶產(chǎn)業(yè)企業(yè)集團(tuán);茶科技水平大幅提升,茶文化大力弘揚(yáng),一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)深度融合,茶產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展格局基本形成。
 
  《指導(dǎo)意見》提出在“十四五”時(shí)期,通過六大舉措、24小舉措力促茶產(chǎn)業(yè)健康高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。其中,不少涉及農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的措施。
 
  《指導(dǎo)意見》明確提出,要提升茶葉初加工水平。科學(xué)布局茶葉初加工中心,加強(qiáng)初制茶廠改造與加工環(huán)境整治。加大茶葉初加工機(jī)械購置補(bǔ)貼力度,將茶葉初加工成套設(shè)備納入農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品補(bǔ)貼試點(diǎn)范圍,推進(jìn)茶葉初加工設(shè)施裝備更新升級,引導(dǎo)家庭農(nóng)場、農(nóng)民合作社、茶企、社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織等購置殺青機(jī)、揉捻機(jī)、理?xiàng)l機(jī)、色選機(jī)、炒(烘)干機(jī)等初茶葉加工機(jī)械。改善茶葉倉儲(chǔ)保鮮設(shè)施條件,提高分等分級、產(chǎn)品包裝等商品化處理能力。
 
  此前,茶葉生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的茶樹修剪機(jī)、采茶機(jī)、茶葉理?xiàng)l機(jī)、茶葉炒(烘)干機(jī)、茶葉揉捻機(jī)、茶葉殺青機(jī)、茶葉篩選機(jī)等7個(gè)品目已被納入中央農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼機(jī)具種類范圍。2020年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部繼續(xù)完善農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼范圍,將茶葉色選機(jī)、茶葉輸送機(jī)、茶葉壓扁機(jī)、果樹修剪機(jī)、果園軌道運(yùn)輸機(jī)等助力丘陵山區(qū)等貧困地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展所需機(jī)具納入全國補(bǔ)貼范圍,由各省從中選取品目進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼。2020年,中央財(cái)政安排農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼資金170億元,各省可根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際需要和補(bǔ)貼資金規(guī)模,按規(guī)定加大對茶葉加工機(jī)械等特色高效農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)農(nóng)機(jī)具的支持力度。
 
  在2021-2023年新一輪農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼政策中,茶樹修剪機(jī)、采茶機(jī)、茶葉殺青機(jī)、茶葉揉捻機(jī)、茶葉炒(烘)干機(jī)、茶葉篩選機(jī)、茶葉理?xiàng)l機(jī)、茶葉輸送機(jī)、茶葉壓扁機(jī)、茶葉色選機(jī)等都被納入了全國補(bǔ)貼范圍。
 
  在提升茶園生產(chǎn)能力方面,《指導(dǎo)意見》提出,推廣優(yōu)良無性系良種和加工專用品種,提高茶園良種率和專用化水平。推進(jìn)老茶園淘汰、低產(chǎn)茶園改造和新建茶園提質(zhì),完善田間道路、蓄排設(shè)施、電力設(shè)備等配套設(shè)施設(shè)備。促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝深度融合,提高茶園管理智能化和采摘機(jī)械化水平。支持并規(guī)范社會(huì)化服務(wù)企業(yè)、農(nóng)民合作社開展統(tǒng)一農(nóng)資供應(yīng)、統(tǒng)一病蟲害防控、統(tǒng)一施肥修剪等專業(yè)服務(wù)。
 
  在科學(xué)技術(shù)支撐上,《指導(dǎo)意見》指出,鼓勵(lì)科研機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)聯(lián)合開展茶樹種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)和新品種培育,建設(shè)一批區(qū)域性無性系良種苗木繁育基地。促進(jìn)科研單位、推廣機(jī)構(gòu)和龍頭企業(yè)合作,集中攻關(guān)高效栽培、品質(zhì)識別、綠色防治、災(zāi)害防控等關(guān)鍵技術(shù),研發(fā)推廣茶園整理、茶樹修剪、高效植保、機(jī)械采摘、精深加工等先進(jìn)裝備,集成推廣一批先進(jìn)適用的技術(shù)模式。
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