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多角度關注今年三夏（二）：新裝備技術齊上陣，麥收服務助豐收

2021-06-09 16:32:47 來源：農機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：51079 評論

導讀：眼下，中原大地麥浪滾滾，金色麥田里一派豐收景象，“三夏”麥收大忙正在如火如荼地進行中。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 眼下，中原大地麥浪滾滾，金色麥田里一派豐收景象，“三夏”麥收大忙正在如火如荼地進行中。5月下旬以來，黃淮海小麥主產區(qū)由南向北梯次進入集中收獲期，湖北、安徽、河南、江蘇等地麥收相繼開鐮。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，全國將投入1650萬臺各類農機，充分保障夏收夏種順利進行，其中小麥聯(lián)合收割機超過60萬臺，參與跨區(qū)機收的機具約25萬臺，預計今年冬小麥機收率、夏玉米機播率分別達到97%、94%以上。農業(yè)農村部6月5日發(fā)布，全國麥收近三成，已收獲小麥9000多萬畝，總體進展順利。
 

 

　　科技進步推動農業(yè)更高質量發(fā)展
 
　　如今，在糧食生產過程中，農業(yè)機械早已挑起了大梁、唱起了“主角”。農機新裝備、新技術的廣泛使用，不僅幫助農民告別了傳統(tǒng)手工勞作，更推動農業(yè)高質量發(fā)展。
 
　　今年，越來越多的智能農機投入到三夏生產中。無人駕駛的智能收割機行駛在金色麥田中，在麥浪中自動規(guī)劃路線、精準、高效地完成一塊麥田的收割。有數(shù)據(jù)表明，自動駕駛收割機比傳統(tǒng)收割機每畝地能多收60斤~80斤小麥。據(jù)悉，未來，隨著人工智能農機的大范圍推廣應用，根據(jù)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)后臺小麥機數(shù)據(jù)采集和模型不斷訓練更新，遠程實現(xiàn)對機器的AI模型進行持續(xù)迭代優(yōu)化，使機器越來越智能和聰明，對更復雜的工況適應能力也越來越強。農機作業(yè)對農機手的技能依賴度大大降低，十分有利于農業(yè)標準化生產。
 
　　農業(yè)社會化服務助力夏糧豐收
 
　　當前，我國農業(yè)社會化服務發(fā)展逐漸成熟。今年三夏期間，各地大力推廣農業(yè)社會化服務助力夏糧豐產豐收。通過開展生產托管，在不流轉土地經(jīng)營權的情況下，把千家萬戶“三夏”生產過程中的服務需求集中起來，為農民提供集中連片的機械收割、秸稈處理、深松整地、播種作業(yè)、田間管理等服務，通過服務組織把先進適用的品種、技術、裝備等現(xiàn)代生產要素導入農業(yè)生產中。據(jù)相關測算，糧食全程托管畝均增產10%至20%，農戶畝均節(jié)本增收350元至390元(含勞動力成本)，有效提高了農民種糧積極性。
 
　　據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計，2020年全國農業(yè)生產托管服務面積超過16億畝次，其中服務糧食作物面積超過9億畝次，服務帶動小農戶7000萬戶，有效助力農民增產增收，為帶動小農戶進入現(xiàn)代農業(yè)發(fā)展軌道發(fā)揮了重要作用。
 
　　多地出臺惠農服務政策 助力打贏“三夏”仗
 
　　河南省：開辟農機綠色加油通道。河南省在靠近農村麥收區(qū)域的國省道沿線、城郊及農村，設立1000座三夏農機專供加油站，開辟綠色加油通道，實行24小時營業(yè)，全力服務好三夏糧食生產。三夏農機專供加油站柴油在國家規(guī)定最高零售價格基礎上優(yōu)惠供應，每升至少優(yōu)惠0.3元；組織送油小分隊，對位置偏僻的麥收現(xiàn)場，送油到田間地頭；針對農機、農業(yè)合作社等重點用油大戶，提供送油上門服務；籌備愛心油免費發(fā)放困難戶。
 
　　江蘇?。?/strong>農機作業(yè)用油“三優(yōu)一免”，即優(yōu)先加油、優(yōu)惠供應、優(yōu)質服務、免費辦卡。農民機手持“雙優(yōu)卡”在中國石化設立的農機作業(yè)用油專供加油站和農機加油綠色通道，對機對卡對號牌，享受優(yōu)先加油服務；2021年4月1日至6月30日、9月1日至11月30日，農民機手持農機“雙優(yōu)卡”在江蘇省中石化加油站加油，享受加油金額10%的積分返還；加強與農機合作社等服務組織的聯(lián)系，溝通了解用油需求，開展送貨上門、送油下鄉(xiāng)服務活動，滿足合作社和偏遠區(qū)域農機作業(yè)用油需求，積極組織流動加油服務小分隊，在農民機手集中區(qū)域提供上門辦卡、充值和加油服務；繼續(xù)為農機安全監(jiān)理機構辦理牌證，為年度檢驗合格的聯(lián)合收割機、拖拉機免費辦理“雙優(yōu)卡”。
 
　　山東省：農機跨區(qū)作業(yè)免交通費。參加跨區(qū)作業(yè)的聯(lián)合收割機、運輸聯(lián)合收割機(包括插秧機)的車輛，憑《作業(yè)證》且通過出口收費站查驗合格后，免交通行費。安裝了ETC的聯(lián)合收割機、運輸聯(lián)合收割機(包括插秧機)的車輛可通過“中國ETC服務”小程序預約通行高速公路，憑《作業(yè)證》且通過出口收費站查驗合格后，免交通行費。此外，跟蹤跨區(qū)作業(yè)的技術服務車，經(jīng)省農業(yè)農村廳和省交通運輸廳核定后，在二〇二一年五月一日到六月三十日，九月一日到十月三十一日期間，依托ETC系統(tǒng)暫免征收省內路網(wǎng)(即本省收費站入、本省收費站出)車輛通行費
 
　　安徽?。?/strong>定制應急預案，成立指揮部，最大限度減少損失。安徽省農業(yè)農村廳制定了《全省小麥搶收工作指導服務方案》，將成立7個指導服務組，麥收期間深入一線，了解各地工作進展，開展指導服務，幫助解決矛盾和困難，加快推進工作落實。
 
　　為應對連陰雨天氣造成小麥不能及時收獲的風險，有力、有序、有效地組織應急搶收，最大程度地減少災害損失，安徽省制定《安徽省小麥搶收應急預案》，省農業(yè)農村廳成立小麥搶收指揮部及辦公室。計劃組建470個應急機收作業(yè)隊，應急時由農業(yè)農村部門統(tǒng)一調度，做好對口支援各項準備。若發(fā)生連陰雨天氣導致小麥不能及時收獲，便啟動相應的應急響應。

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