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農業(yè)農村部加強農產品冷藏保鮮設施建設，如何建設？如何補助？

2021-05-07 17:29:09 來源：農機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：48967 評論

導讀：農產品冷鏈物流設施一直是現(xiàn)代農業(yè)產業(yè)發(fā)展的短板，作為鮮活農產品流通出村進城的“最先一公里”，加強其設施建設，對于促進鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)發(fā)展、促進農民增收、推進鄉(xiāng)村振興具有重要意義。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 農產品冷鏈物流設施一直是現(xiàn)代農業(yè)產業(yè)發(fā)展的短板，作為鮮活農產品流通出村進城的“最先一公里”，加強其設施建設，對于促進鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)發(fā)展、促進農民增收、推進鄉(xiāng)村振興具有重要意義。
 
　　今年的中央一號文件明確提出“要加快實施農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設施建設工程，推進田頭小型倉儲保鮮冷鏈設施、產地低溫直銷配送中心、國家骨干冷鏈物流基地建設”。日前，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳、財政部辦公廳也聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關于全面推進農產品產地冷藏保鮮設施建設的通知》，指出加強農產品產地冷藏保鮮設施建設，是加快形成“雙循環(huán)”新發(fā)展格局下的有效舉措，是現(xiàn)代農業(yè)重大牽引性工程和促進產業(yè)消費“雙升級”的重要內容，對提高重要農副產品供給保障能力、鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉(xiāng)村振興有效銜接、提升鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)鏈供應鏈現(xiàn)代化水平具有重要意義。
 

 

　　農業(yè)農村部、財政部要求，要堅持“農有、農用、農享”的原則，圍繞鮮活產品，聚焦新型主體，相對集中布局，標準規(guī)范引領，農民自愿自建，政府以獎代補，助力降損增效，推動產地冷藏保鮮能力、商品化處理能力和服務帶動能力顯著提升，促進“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”農產品出村進城加快實施、農產品產銷對接更加順暢、小農戶與大市場有效銜接，更好滿足城鄉(xiāng)居民需求。
 
　　項目建設內容包括：
 
　　1、通風貯藏庫。在馬鈴薯、甘薯、山藥、大白菜、胡蘿卜、生姜等耐貯型農產品主產區(qū)，充分利用自然冷源，因地制宜建設地下、半地下貯藏窖或地上通風貯藏庫，采用自然通風和機械通風相結合的方式保持適宜貯藏溫度。
 
　　2、機械冷庫。在果蔬及其他種植類農產品主產區(qū)，根據(jù)貯藏規(guī)模、自然氣候和地質條件等，采用土建式或組裝式建筑結構，配備機械制冷設備，新建保溫隔熱性能良好、低溫環(huán)境適宜的冷庫和果蔬速凍庫；也可對閑置的房屋、廠房、窯洞等進行保溫隔熱改造，安裝制冷設備，改建為機械冷庫。
 
　　3、氣調貯藏庫。在蘋果、梨、香蕉等呼吸躍變型農產品主產區(qū)，建設氣密性較高、可調節(jié)氣體濃度和組分的氣調貯藏庫，配備有關專用氣調設備，對商品附加值較高的產品進行氣調貯藏。
 
　　4、預冷及配套設施設備。根據(jù)產品特性、市場發(fā)展和儲運加工的實際需要，規(guī)模較大的設施，可配套建設強制通風預冷、差壓預冷或真空預冷等預冷庫或預冷設施，配備必要的稱量、清洗、分級、檢測、信息采集等設備以及新建貯藏設施專用的供配電設備。
 
　　在支持對象上，文件指出，依托縣級以上示范家庭農場和農民合作社示范社（832個脫貧縣可不受示范等級限制），已登記的農村集體經濟組織，以及北大荒農墾集團有限公司、廣東省農墾總局下屬農場，中國融通農業(yè)發(fā)展集團有限公司實施。試點縣可因地制宜鼓勵引導農業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)、農業(yè)產業(yè)化聯(lián)合體，以及可有效實現(xiàn)聯(lián)農帶農、“農超對接”的相關市場主體，積極參與農產品產地冷藏保鮮設施建設。
 
　　補助標準方面，根據(jù)農業(yè)生產發(fā)展資金有關要求，采取“雙限”適當支持。按照不超過建設設施總造價的30%進行補貼，832個脫貧縣不高于40%，單個主體（不含農墾農場和中國融通農業(yè)發(fā)展集團有限公司）補貼規(guī)模最高不超過100萬元，具體補貼標準由地方制定。對每個農產品產地冷藏保鮮整縣推進試點縣給予重點補獎，原則上第一年安排補助資金2000萬元，具體由各地結合實際并根據(jù)規(guī)定的支持對象和補助標準確定，下一年重點根據(jù)試點縣農產品產地冷藏保鮮服務網(wǎng)絡績效評價結果，再適當安排獎勵資金繼續(xù)支持。對農民合作社獲得的財政直接補助形成的資產要量化到全體成員并記載在成員賬戶中；對農村集體經濟組織獲得的財政直接補助形成的資產要量化為集體成員持有的股份。
 
　　結語：農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈設施建設是現(xiàn)代農業(yè)發(fā)展重大牽引性工程，對于補齊現(xiàn)代農業(yè)基礎設施短板、擴大農業(yè)有效投資、增加農民收入、促進農業(yè)產業(yè)和農產品消費"雙升級"意義重大。據(jù)了解，2020年各地農業(yè)農村部門、財政部門已支持1.1萬個家庭農場和農民合作社建設了近500萬噸產地冷藏保鮮設施。相信接下來，通過"十四五"時期的持續(xù)建設，農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈能力會得到明顯提升，從而推動鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)振興，帶動農民收入持續(xù)增長。

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