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#新疆棉花#揭秘新疆棉花機(jī)械化發(fā)展真相

2021-03-26 16:30:22 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：sydneylulu 閱讀量：47515 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近期，關(guān)于各大媒體廣泛關(guān)注與傳播的某企業(yè)惡意抵制“新疆棉花”熱聞，引起國人共憤。對于新疆“強(qiáng)迫勞動”的謠言，筆者認(rèn)為非?；闹嚒?/p>

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】近期，關(guān)于各大媒體廣泛關(guān)注與傳播的某企業(yè)惡意抵制“新疆棉花”熱聞，引起國人共憤。對于新疆“強(qiáng)迫勞動”的謠言，筆者認(rèn)為非常荒謬。
 
　　我們來看看新疆棉花種植面積大概有多少？
 
　　如今新疆棉花平均畝產(chǎn)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了每畝275斤，連續(xù)26年位居全國第一。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，新疆棉花面積3703萬畝，一師220萬畝，二師70萬畝，五師95萬畝，六師180萬畝，七師176萬畝，石河子382萬畝，昌吉洲230.1萬畝，沙灣180萬畝，烏蘇171.5萬畝，博州142.19萬畝，阿克蘇地區(qū)750萬畝，巴州地區(qū)330萬畝。(數(shù)據(jù)來源：新疆統(tǒng)計(jì)局 中商產(chǎn)業(yè)研究院)
 
　　看到這組數(shù)據(jù)，你可能毫無概念，這么多棉花是供不應(yīng)求還是供過于求？
 
　　新疆棉花夠我國使用嗎？
 
　　近日，據(jù)央視新聞，作為世界最大棉花消費(fèi)國、第二大棉花生產(chǎn)國，我國2020/2021年度棉花產(chǎn)量約595萬噸，總需求量約780萬噸，年度缺口約185萬噸。其中，新疆棉產(chǎn)量520萬噸，占國內(nèi)產(chǎn)量比重約87%，占國內(nèi)消費(fèi)比重約67%。
 
　　看到這組數(shù)據(jù)，明顯表明新疆棉花根本不夠我國使用。新疆長絨棉，世界頂級，做衣被，暖和、透氣、舒適，長年供不應(yīng)求。
 
　　供不應(yīng)求是否和機(jī)械化水平不夠有關(guān)？
 
　　事實(shí)上，因?yàn)槿斯ふ▋r格越來越高，所以這幾年新疆棉花逐步轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)械化采摘。在北疆地區(qū)，棉花的種植和采收機(jī)械化水平達(dá)到了97%。在人工智能的條件下，目前無人機(jī)已經(jīng)參與到了棉花的種植中。南疆的機(jī)械化水平，根據(jù)2020年的數(shù)據(jù)，也已經(jīng)達(dá)到了40%。
 
　　早在上世紀(jì)50年代，我國就開始引進(jìn)和開發(fā)機(jī)采棉技術(shù)，1996年以后新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)開始進(jìn)行機(jī)采棉的系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)，2001年起機(jī)采棉進(jìn)入大面積推廣階段。伴隨國家對農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼的跟進(jìn)，2008年新疆農(nóng)機(jī)局開始對采棉機(jī)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼，2009年新疆地方開始使用采棉機(jī)。
 
　　據(jù)了解，現(xiàn)在新疆最大的產(chǎn)棉區(qū)——阿拉爾，絕大多數(shù)都是機(jī)械化采棉，一個幾十畝的地塊，一兩個小時就可以采摘完成，效率非常高。
 
　　近年來新疆棉花在機(jī)械化、規(guī)模化等方面已經(jīng)走在了全國前列，2019年新疆棉機(jī)收的比例就已經(jīng)達(dá)到了42%。
 
　　發(fā)展棉花機(jī)械化：采棉機(jī)實(shí)力擔(dān)當(dāng)
 
　　機(jī)械化采棉是棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的必然方向，棉花是我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一,采棉機(jī)是棉花機(jī)械化采收的重要工具,其發(fā)展水平是反應(yīng)我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的一個重要指標(biāo).近幾年來,我國棉花采收質(zhì)量有了明顯增長,采棉機(jī)發(fā)揮很重要的作用。
 
　　采棉機(jī)行業(yè)屬于我國棉花種植全程機(jī)械化的短板和薄弱行業(yè)，長期以來被外資品牌占據(jù)，近年來伴隨國內(nèi)企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)突破，取得突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。2018年以來采棉機(jī)行業(yè)出現(xiàn)供不應(yīng)求，國產(chǎn)采棉機(jī)應(yīng)用也得到快速增長。
 
　　當(dāng)下，發(fā)展機(jī)采棉還有很長的路要走。機(jī)采棉并不是單純指機(jī)械采收的棉花，而是涉及到棉花品種選育、栽培技術(shù)、田間管理、化學(xué)藥劑脫葉等等一系列環(huán)節(jié)的系統(tǒng)工程，需要科研人員和棉農(nóng)的共同努力。

       不信謠，不傳謠，支持新疆棉花！

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