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農機企業(yè)積極恢復生產,復工率達85%

2020-02-28 09:06:40 來源:中國農機工業(yè) 閱讀量:15281 評論

導讀:當前全國即將全面進入春耕備耕階段。為保春耕生產,農機企業(yè)嚴格落實新冠肺炎疫情防控措施,積極有序復工復產。

  【農機網 熱點關注】 一、農機企業(yè)復工復產情況
 
  當前全國即將全面進入春耕備耕階段。為保春耕生產,農機企業(yè)嚴格落實新冠肺炎疫情防控措施,積極有序復工復產。中國農業(yè)機械工業(yè)協(xié)會通過電話、微信、調查問卷等對273家農機制造企業(yè)復工復產情況進行連續(xù)跟蹤問卷調查,截止到2月26日,已有233家企業(yè)復工,企業(yè)復工率達85.35%,較2月15日提高33.1個百分點;農機企業(yè)職工復工率達68.91%,較2月15日提高11.3個百分點,具體復工情況見圖1和圖2。

圖1農機企業(yè)復工率

圖2農機企業(yè)職工復工率
 
  在6個農機重點生產省份中,浙江省和山東省農機企業(yè)復工率高,分別達到96.55%和94.03%,河南省和河北省農機企業(yè)復工情況稍差,分別為73.68%和69.57%,6個省份的復工情況,見圖3。

圖3 重點農機生產省份農機企業(yè)復工率
 
  盡管農機企業(yè)復工率不斷提升,但企業(yè)產能利用率普遍比較低,平均產能利用率僅為42%,主要原因是受新冠肺炎疫情影響,物流運輸尤其是省際間的物流基本暫停,對生產活動造成明顯影響。一方面表現(xiàn)在原材料、零配件、外協(xié)外購件運輸不暢,導致生產難以保障;另一方面表現(xiàn)在已銷售的產品難以交付,設備調試安裝人員難以到達現(xiàn)場工作。
 
  二、農機企業(yè)復工后面臨的主要問題
 
  由于疫情仍在延續(xù),農機企業(yè)復工復產還面臨物流運輸受阻、供應鏈配套尚未恢復、員工緊缺、資金鏈緊張、口罩消毒液等防疫用品短缺等具體問題,全面恢復到正常的生產經營狀態(tài)還需要一定的時間。
 
  1.交通限制致物流運輸困難。疫情發(fā)生后,物流運輸尤其是省際間的物流基本暫停,尤其是來自湖北省的原材料、零配件基本運不出來,對農機主機企業(yè)生產造成明顯影響。
 
  2.產業(yè)鏈上下游復工銜接不暢,供應鏈難以保障。由于各地疫情不同,停工復產期限不一致,上下游企業(yè)間生產供應的匹配難度明顯加大,破壞了部分較脆弱的產業(yè)生態(tài)。
 
  3.企業(yè)承受多重壓力,資金鏈緊張。受疫情影響,市場、生產長時間停滯,導致訂單損失,資金回籠減少,但企業(yè)依然需支付職工工資、社保等費用,承擔著較重的人工成本負擔。同時由生產停滯導致的訂單交付難、合同執(zhí)行難,使企業(yè)承受著違約成本上升的壓力。此外信貸利息、固定費用等支出,也對企業(yè)形成了明顯的資金壓力。
 
  4.對外貿出口的影響值得高度關注。世界衛(wèi)生組織已經宣布新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情已構成關注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件。受此影響,已有部分機械企業(yè)收到了延期提貨的通知,同時還有部分企業(yè)也已收到取消訂單的訊息。雖然目前此類事件尚不普遍,但后續(xù)走勢需密切關注,特別是通過產業(yè)鏈傳導產生的影響尚難以估計。
 
  5.基層員工返崗難。為了控制疫情蔓延,各地對外地返回人員基本都要求在家自行隔離14天,部分地區(qū)社區(qū)、村委會甚至對外地返回人員強制隔離,此外還采用發(fā)放出入證、登記出入等形式嚴格限制人員出入次數(shù),正常居住人員進出也受到限制,導致基層員工返崗難。
 
  6.防疫物資供應有缺口。農機企業(yè)生產制造過程中協(xié)作性強、勞動力相對密集,復工復產企業(yè)每天要消耗大量的口罩、消毒液等防疫用品。而目前這些物資市場供應仍存在較大缺口,難以保證充足的供應。
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