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加強(qiáng)農(nóng)藥市場(chǎng)管理，防蟲(chóng)保豐收與減少農(nóng)藥同步進(jìn)行

2019-09-18 16:45:40 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：29768 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：今年1月份以來(lái)，跨境遷飛性害蟲(chóng)草地貪夜蛾入侵我國(guó)，從云南開(kāi)始逐步向北擴(kuò)散蔓延，對(duì)我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)構(gòu)成直接威脅。與此同時(shí)，這對(duì)防蟲(chóng)保豐收和減少農(nóng)藥使用來(lái)說(shuō)也是是一個(gè)新挑戰(zhàn)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】今年1月份以來(lái)，跨境遷飛性害蟲(chóng)草地貪夜蛾入侵我國(guó)，從云南開(kāi)始逐步向北擴(kuò)散蔓延，對(duì)我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)構(gòu)成直接威脅。與此同時(shí)，這對(duì)防蟲(chóng)保豐收和減少農(nóng)藥使用來(lái)說(shuō)也是是一個(gè)新挑戰(zhàn)。
 
　　如何應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)？日前，就草地貪夜蛾防控工作舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)提出主要采取三方面的措施：，充分利用生物防治技術(shù)。比如選用綠僵菌、昆蟲(chóng)病毒制劑，以及寄生性和捕食性的天敵等生物防治措施，控制蟲(chóng)源區(qū)的密度，減少對(duì)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的依賴(lài)。第二，選擇低毒藥劑。經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)家反復(fù)篩選，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部推薦了25種低毒藥劑。這些藥劑用量少、效率高，防控效果普遍在90%以上。第三，優(yōu)化施藥方法。采用施藥機(jī)械和超低量噴藥技術(shù)為主，對(duì)蟲(chóng)口密度比較高、連片集中區(qū)域，大力推行統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治和聯(lián)防聯(lián)控，有效提高防治的效果和施藥的效率，大限度減少農(nóng)藥用量。
 
　　而對(duì)于草地貪夜蛾的發(fā)生規(guī)律和防治技術(shù)上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部也有相應(yīng)措施。組建農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部草地貪夜蛾防控專(zhuān)家組，重點(diǎn)對(duì)草地貪夜蛾的生物學(xué)特性、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、科學(xué)用藥、生物防治、綜合治理等進(jìn)行研究；通過(guò)室內(nèi)觀測(cè)和野外系統(tǒng)調(diào)查，初步探明了草地貪夜蛾在我國(guó)的發(fā)生代數(shù)和危害習(xí)性；在研究的基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法，提出了我國(guó)草地貪夜蛾的周年繁殖區(qū)、遷飛過(guò)渡區(qū)、重點(diǎn)防范區(qū)的分區(qū)治理策略，開(kāi)展了新藥劑、新機(jī)械的試驗(yàn)示范，集成了分區(qū)治理技術(shù)模式，為大面積推廣應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　批準(zhǔn)7家農(nóng)藥登記試驗(yàn)單位
 
　　日前，根據(jù)《農(nóng)藥管理?xiàng)l例》《農(nóng)藥登記管理辦法》《農(nóng)藥登記試驗(yàn)管理辦法》等有關(guān)規(guī)定，經(jīng)資料審查、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查和綜合評(píng)審，批準(zhǔn)安徽省化工產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)站等7家單位為農(nóng)藥登記試驗(yàn)單位，有效期五年。
 

        農(nóng)藥管理全程可追溯信息系統(tǒng)
 
　　今年以來(lái)，內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)巴彥淖爾市緊緊圍繞“以管增效”原則，建立了整市農(nóng)藥管理全程可追溯信息系統(tǒng)，借助中國(guó)追溯“一物一碼”核心防偽技術(shù)，為進(jìn)入市內(nèi)的每一瓶農(nóng)藥制作特有身份證——可追溯二維碼，并在全市范圍內(nèi)推行農(nóng)藥購(gòu)藥實(shí)名登記。
 
　　可追溯二維碼的使用，有效解決了農(nóng)藥市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售混亂、用藥超標(biāo)、農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收不及時(shí)等問(wèn)題；促進(jìn)了經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商規(guī)范電子臺(tái)賬，規(guī)范經(jīng)營(yíng)行為，達(dá)到農(nóng)藥廢棄包裝物回收。目前，巴彥淖爾市共發(fā)放可追溯二維碼861.5萬(wàn)枚，有效激活使用126.3萬(wàn)枚，銷(xiāo)售農(nóng)藥83.2萬(wàn)瓶/袋，回收廢棄包裝物35.9萬(wàn)個(gè)。發(fā)現(xiàn)未按要求執(zhí)行農(nóng)藥購(gòu)銷(xiāo)臺(tái)賬行為210多起，全部按《農(nóng)藥管理?xiàng)l例》責(zé)令改正。
 
　　農(nóng)藥質(zhì)量監(jiān)督抽查
 
　　近年來(lái)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部按照“雙隨機(jī)一公開(kāi)”的原則，采取隨機(jī)抽查、重點(diǎn)抽查、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)抽查相結(jié)合的方式，開(kāi)展農(nóng)藥質(zhì)量監(jiān)督抽查。2018年完成部級(jí)農(nóng)藥監(jiān)督抽查樣品8100多個(gè)，質(zhì)量合格率93%。同時(shí)，根據(jù)監(jiān)督抽查發(fā)現(xiàn)的涉嫌制假售假線索，組派檢查組開(kāi)展飛行檢查，對(duì)違法制售假劣農(nóng)藥行為實(shí)施打擊。初步統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)各級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門(mén)共受理舉報(bào)案件1007起，查處違法案件3961件，查獲假劣農(nóng)藥167.6噸，涉案人員2141人，逮捕37人。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、監(jiān)管司，如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

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