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放活農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)

2019-09-10 09:20:24 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:36505 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:《農(nóng)村土地承包法》對(duì)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的方式、原則、合同等作了規(guī)定,保護(hù)承包方依法、自愿、有償流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 近日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在對(duì)十三屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議第 5272號(hào)建議的答復(fù)中明確表示,黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院高度重視放活農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。2014年,中辦、國(guó)辦印發(fā)《關(guān)于引導(dǎo)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)的意見》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《意見》),對(duì)規(guī)范有序流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)作出系統(tǒng)全面的制度安排。2016年,中辦、國(guó)辦印發(fā)《關(guān)于完善農(nóng)村土地所有權(quán)承包權(quán)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分置辦法的意見》,進(jìn)一步明確提出加快放活土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),建立健全土地流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)范管理制度。《農(nóng)村土地承包法》對(duì)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的方式、原則、合同等作了規(guī)定,保護(hù)承包方依法、自愿、有償流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。
 
  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)確權(quán)方面,《意見》明確提出,用5年左右時(shí)間基本完成土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證工作。在黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,截至2018年年底,農(nóng)村承包地確權(quán)登記頒證工作基本完成,全國(guó)共有2838個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))和開發(fā)區(qū)開展了農(nóng)村承包地確權(quán)登記頒證工作,涉及2億多農(nóng)戶。通過確權(quán),摸清了承包地底數(shù),規(guī)范了承包合同,頒發(fā)了權(quán)屬證書,進(jìn)一步穩(wěn)固了農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系,使農(nóng)民群眾感受到自己的承包地權(quán)益更有保障,更加放心地流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。
 
  同時(shí),《意見》明確要求,土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)確權(quán)登記原則上確權(quán)到戶到地,在尊重農(nóng)民意愿的前提下,也可以確權(quán)確股不確地。2015年中央1號(hào)文件,要求總體上要確地到戶,從嚴(yán)掌握確權(quán)確股不確地的范圍。為落實(shí)中央要求,2015年,原農(nóng)業(yè)部會(huì)同相關(guān)部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于認(rèn)真做好農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證工作的意見》,明確要求,堅(jiān)持以確權(quán)確地為主,總體上要確地到戶,從嚴(yán)掌握確權(quán)確股不確地的范圍,堅(jiān)持農(nóng)地農(nóng)用。對(duì)農(nóng)村土地已經(jīng)承包到戶的,都要確權(quán)到戶到地。實(shí)行確權(quán)確股不確地的條件和程序,由省級(jí)人民政府有關(guān)部門作出規(guī)定,切實(shí)保障農(nóng)民土地承包權(quán)益。不得違背農(nóng)民意愿,行政推動(dòng)確權(quán)確股不確地,也不得簡(jiǎn)單地以少數(shù)服從多數(shù)的名義,強(qiáng)迫不愿確股的農(nóng)民確股。
 
  近年來,一些地區(qū)在承包地確權(quán)登記頒證過程中,在農(nóng)戶自愿基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)確權(quán)不確地進(jìn)行了探索。如安徽省2016年印發(fā)了《關(guān)于在農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證中使用確權(quán)確股不確地方式的規(guī)定》,對(duì)實(shí)施“確權(quán)確股不確地”和“確權(quán)確畝不確界”需符合的條件、實(shí)施范圍、審批程序等作了明確規(guī)定,有效保障了在實(shí)施確權(quán)確股不確地時(shí),尊重農(nóng)民意愿、依法依規(guī)規(guī)范操作。
 
  在促進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地小塊并大塊方面,近年來隨著農(nóng)村交通、水利等基礎(chǔ)條件改善,地力差異逐步縮小,一些地方特別是平原地區(qū),農(nóng)民群眾通過互換等方式改善耕作條件的愿望日益增強(qiáng)。2013年中央1號(hào)文件明確提出“鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民采取互利互換方式,解決承包地塊細(xì)碎化問題”。2014年,《意見》明確提出鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民在自愿前提下采取互換并地方式解決承包地細(xì)碎化問題。《農(nóng)村土地承包法》第三十三條規(guī)定,承包方之間為方便耕種或者各自需要,可以對(duì)屬于同一集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的土地的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)進(jìn)行互換,并向發(fā)包方備案。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)中央決策部署,嚴(yán)格依法行政,積極鼓勵(lì)地方指導(dǎo)承包農(nóng)戶自愿開展互換并地。截至2018年底,全國(guó)承包農(nóng)戶自愿互換承包地面積超過3000萬畝。同時(shí),按照中央要求,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部積極開展農(nóng)戶承包地有償退出試點(diǎn)。2017年,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在部分省(區(qū)、市)開展農(nóng)村承包地退出試點(diǎn)工作,在基本程序、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、退出土地利用管理和退地農(nóng)民生活保障等方面進(jìn)行了積極探索,積累了有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示,下一步將會(huì)同有關(guān)部門,貫徹落實(shí)好《關(guān)于促進(jìn)小農(nóng)戶和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機(jī)銜接的意見》相關(guān)部署,做好農(nóng)村承包地確權(quán)登記頒證掃尾工作,更好保障承包農(nóng)戶合法權(quán)益;加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)范管理和服務(wù),指導(dǎo)各地農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)市場(chǎng)規(guī)范運(yùn)行。

  本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部,如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
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