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臺(tái)風(fēng)“利奇馬”對(duì)玉米生產(chǎn)影響及災(zāi)后恢復(fù)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2019-08-14 08:38:42 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量：16500 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：今年第9號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)“利奇馬”自8月10日在浙江登陸以來，給華東5省(市)及東北部分地區(qū)的玉米生產(chǎn)帶來不利影響。部分地區(qū)玉米地塊受淹，造成不同程度倒伏或莖折斷，影響玉米前期生長發(fā)育或中后期授粉灌漿，莖基腐病、葉斑病等病害加速侵染，增加了防控難度。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 今年第9號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)“利奇馬”自8月10日在浙江登陸以來，給華東5省(市)及東北部分地區(qū)的玉米生產(chǎn)帶來不利影響。部分地區(qū)玉米地塊受淹，造成不同程度倒伏或莖折斷，影響玉米前期生長發(fā)育或中后期授粉灌漿，莖基腐病、葉斑病等病害加速侵染，增加了防控難度。當(dāng)前，黃淮海夏播玉米大部分已結(jié)束授粉進(jìn)入灌漿期，東北春玉米正處于灌漿期，是產(chǎn)量形成的關(guān)鍵期。針對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)對(duì)玉米生產(chǎn)造成的不利影響，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部玉米專家指導(dǎo)組會(huì)同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心提出災(zāi)后生產(chǎn)恢復(fù)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。
 
　　一是加強(qiáng)分類管理。根據(jù)臺(tái)風(fēng)過后玉米倒伏情況，分類開展田間管理。倒伏較輕的玉米(莖與地面夾角大于45度)，讓其自然直立起來；倒伏較重的玉米，特別是匍匐的玉米，及時(shí)扶正，在根部培土7—8厘米并踏實(shí)。孕穗期前倒伏的玉米，不宜動(dòng)扶，否則容易傷根，影響產(chǎn)量。抽穗后倒伏的玉米，不剪葉、去頭，宜扶起扎把，以3—4棵為宜，倒伏當(dāng)天扎把好。莖稈折斷嚴(yán)重的地塊，應(yīng)盡快將折斷植株從田間清除，以免腐爛后影響正常植株生長，同時(shí)因地制宜補(bǔ)種生育期較短的其他作物。
 
　　二是及時(shí)排水追肥。有積水的玉米田塊應(yīng)盡快排水，降低田間濕度，并及時(shí)追肥。特別是浙江、江蘇部分地區(qū)還處于生育前期的玉米，強(qiáng)降水和洪澇過后，土壤肥力易被雨水帶走，可趁雨后放晴及時(shí)追施尿素和磷酸二氫鉀，連續(xù)噴灑2次，每次間隔7天，促進(jìn)植株恢復(fù)生長。水淹特別嚴(yán)重的地塊，及時(shí)改種短季作物減少損失。
 
　　三是強(qiáng)化病害防治。玉米倒伏后會(huì)造成機(jī)械損傷，易受莖基腐病、紋枯病、大斑病等病害侵染。莖基腐病可用25%葉枯靈或葉枯凈可濕性粉劑，加25%瑞毒霉可濕性粉劑或5%瑞毒霉錳鋅可濕性粉劑600倍液或50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑500倍液葉面噴施。紋枯病用5%井崗霉素，或25%粉銹寧可濕性粉劑，或24%噻呋酰胺懸浮劑，或25%戊唑醇可濕性粉劑，或20%紋枯凈可濕性粉劑，對(duì)準(zhǔn)發(fā)病部位均勻噴霧。大斑病每畝施用30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇懸浮劑40毫升，或32.5%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇懸浮劑20毫升，或65%代森錳鋅可濕性粉劑500倍液，或70%甲基托布津可濕性粉劑500倍液，或75%百菌清可濕性粉劑800倍液噴施，注意輪換用藥。
 
　　(農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部玉米專家指導(dǎo)組 全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心)

上一篇： “利奇馬”臺(tái)風(fēng)過后加強(qiáng)蔬菜生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

下一篇：各地多措并舉保障“三秋”作業(yè)，穩(wěn)定全年糧食生產(chǎn)

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