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回看共享單車倒閉潮:農機企業(yè)勿重蹈覆轍

2018-09-19 14:24:19 來源:中國農機網原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:46642 評論

導讀:近兩年,你所在的城市是否被無處不在的共享單車所“填滿”?小區(qū)里、馬路旁、公園里、學校操場上,各種顏色、各個品牌的共享單車隨處可見。如今隨著悟空、町町、酷騎、小鳴等共享單車企業(yè)相繼倒閉、退出市場,導致大量廢棄車輛被棄路面、無人問津。

  【中國農機網 編輯視角】 近兩年,你所在的城市是否被無處不在的共享單車所“填滿”?小區(qū)里、馬路旁、公園里、學校操場上,各種顏色、各個品牌的共享單車隨處可見。如今隨著悟空、町町、酷騎、小鳴等共享單車企業(yè)相繼倒閉、退出市場,導致大量廢棄車輛被棄路面、無人問津。
 
  對此,同濟大學可持續(xù)發(fā)展與管理研究所所長諸大建認為,共享經濟的初衷是用一定的甚至盡可能少的物質投入來滿足高周轉的服務需求,有了初始投放量之后,企業(yè)應當在控制總量的前提下提高周轉使用,而非簡單的“拼投放”,“可是,資本的逐利天性導致一些企業(yè)偏離了這一初衷。”

  一言以蔽之,共享單車在市場的過量投入侵占城市空間并且導致資源的大量浪費,然而,這種“粗放式”的增長形式并不只存在于共享單車企業(yè)中,反觀我國農機行業(yè),當前也存在著嚴重的產品同質化現象和“粗放式”增長形態(tài)。
 
  從 “制造大國”到“制造強國”距離尚遠
 
  *,在我國農機產業(yè)經歷了 2003 年—2014 年快速發(fā)展的黃金十年后,當前單從生產規(guī)??偭亢褪褂每偭可现v,已成為世界農機制造和使用大國。然而,從技術發(fā)展程度乃至農機化總體水平上看,國內農業(yè)裝備的發(fā)展層級還不夠高,與發(fā)達國家農機強國相比,還存在幾十年的差距。其中,突出的問題表現在生產企業(yè)眾多但綜合實力不足,中低端產品過剩而技術應用不足,產品同質化嚴重而創(chuàng)新力不足等方面。此外,農機產業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境相對混亂,在知識產權保護方面存在諸多漏洞和空白,跟風、仿冒現象十分普遍,侵權企業(yè)較多并且用仿冒產品進行低價競爭,形成“劣幣驅逐良幣”現象,導致整體行業(yè)缺乏正常、健康的競爭環(huán)境。
 
  “高價購買德國犁”與“常林破產”事件,刺痛了誰的心?
 
  2017年,一則“東北農民愿花10倍價格購買德國進口犁”的新聞著實刺痛了國人的神經,為什么不用國產犁呢?被采訪農民的回答讓筆者印象深刻,“不是非要買進口犁,而是之前買的國產五鏵犁都不行,秸稈還田效果不好,達不到黑土地保護項目要求的秸稈還田30厘米要求,容易影響第二年種地,你就免費給翻,老百姓都不讓”,“德國犁用兩年了,連個螺絲都沒換過”。
 
  不得不承認,德國作為機械制造強國,農機裝備相對國產產品在質量、技術上確實處于地位。據了解,每臺德國五鏵翻轉犁市場價在25萬元左右,而國產的五鏵翻轉犁每臺只有1.5萬元左右,很多同類型犁的價格多在一兩萬元到五六萬元不等。國產犁雖然在價格上占盡優(yōu)勢,但像新聞中東北、新疆的一些資金充足的農機大戶等新經營主體并不在意價格優(yōu)勢,而且,隨著農民群體收入水平的提高以及國家補貼政策的支持,越來越多的農民選擇高價格、高品質的農機裝備,價格低廉的中低端產品越來越不受到歡迎。
 
  在今年6月份,一家以農機制造起家的“機械工業(yè)”企業(yè)宣布破產的新聞再一次讓國人痛心疾首。以農機制造起家的山東常林機械集團,曾經的“”企業(yè),在8年間曾騙取國家補助15億元,并涉嫌科研造假,這家曾經的“雄獅”因缺乏核心技術與科研能力、盲目擴大生產規(guī)模而終走向了破產。
 
  出路在哪里?
 
  農機行業(yè)“黃金十年”過去四五年之后的今天,單純地追求產品數量的增長已經沒有絲毫意義和價值。當前,行業(yè)的根本出路在于從量的競爭到質的轉變,行業(yè)要發(fā)展、要更上一個臺階,就必須打破瓶頸,加快行業(yè)整合和產業(yè)升級。
 
  具體來說,國產企業(yè)對核心技術的追求不能停歇。只要在核心技術上取得突破、擁有了過硬的技術,那行業(yè)就必然會再上一個臺階。不論何時,注重產品質量、追求科技發(fā)展永遠是終的出路,過去,農機行業(yè)重視產能擴張遠遠超過技術創(chuàng)新,這是行業(yè)發(fā)展的悲哀也是以后發(fā)展必須避免的問題。
 
  另外,隨著新型經營主體數量的增多,農業(yè)生產的分工越來越細,對農機的性能、規(guī)格要求各不相同。這要求企業(yè)要以市場為導向,通過自主研發(fā),加快轉型升級,細化市場,提供多元農機產品;同時,隨著農機補貼政策不斷調整與完善,農機補貼資金將重點向農村合作社等規(guī)模農業(yè)主體及中、綠色、智能產品傾斜,具有品牌、技術、規(guī)模、服務優(yōu)勢的企業(yè)將迎來發(fā)展機遇,促進農機市場將從速度型向質量型轉變。
 
  后,企業(yè)要加強自律,嚴格行業(yè)規(guī)范管理,杜絕跟風、仿冒現象,拒絕低價競爭,為行業(yè)營造健康的競爭環(huán)境。
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