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大蒜機械化收割助“蒜農(nóng)”增收

2018-07-28 14:23:05 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34601 評論

導(dǎo)讀：當前，我國糧食作物生產(chǎn)已基本上實現(xiàn)了機械化，但經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)的機械化水平還有待提高。大蒜作為我國重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，在市場上一直占據(jù)著重要地位，我國作為大蒜的大生產(chǎn)國，大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化尤其重要。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 當前，我國糧食作物生產(chǎn)已基本上實現(xiàn)了機械化，但經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)的機械化水平還有待提高。大蒜作為我國重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，在市場上一直占據(jù)著重要地位，我國作為大蒜的大生產(chǎn)國，大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化尤其重要。
 
　　山東成武縣：大蒜農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝“無縫嫁接”
 
　　大蒜是山東成武縣大經(jīng)濟作物，每年種植規(guī)模都在40萬畝以上。但是，由于大蒜適宜收獲期短，人工作業(yè)強度大、效率低、用工多，嚴重影響了蒜農(nóng)種蒜積極性，制約了大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。為解決人工收蒜勞動強度大，用工成本高，作業(yè)效率低等問題，成武縣農(nóng)機局加大機具引進、試驗、示范和推廣工作力度，實現(xiàn)了大蒜農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝“無縫嫁接”，取得了較好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。
 
　　一是政策扶持進一步利用好購機補貼資金的拉動作用，將大蒜收獲機作為經(jīng)濟作物機械補貼重點，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民購買大蒜收獲機。
 
　　二是搞好農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝結(jié)合。在項目實施區(qū)域，栽種大蒜時按照機械化收獲的要求進行統(tǒng)一整地、施肥、筑畦，精細整地作畦。選好適宜當?shù)刈鳂I(yè)的機型，搞好現(xiàn)場演示，切實起到示范帶動作用。
 
　　三是進一步加強技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，狠抓機具選型、定型工作，總結(jié)形成了適合不同地域、不同種植方式的大蒜機械化收獲模式。
 
　　四是要加強示范推廣。進行平作和套種兩種模式下的作業(yè)演示，激發(fā)群眾的極大興趣，加快示范基地建設(shè)步伐，使農(nóng)機化新技術(shù)在示范基地上得到充分顯示。
 
　　新疆吉木薩爾縣：機械化收割大蒜助農(nóng)民增收
 
　　眼下，正是山區(qū)紅皮大蒜集中收獲的季節(jié)，吉木薩爾縣農(nóng)機局急農(nóng)民所急、想農(nóng)民所想，上門推廣大蒜機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。7月17日，在吉木薩爾縣泉子街鎮(zhèn)小西溝村村民楊建明家的大蒜地里，他正開著小四輪用前置大蒜收獲機現(xiàn)場起挖他家種植的6畝紅皮大蒜。
 
　　楊建明介紹說，今年大蒜長勢良好，喜獲豐收。往年，他只能靠人工收獲，經(jīng)過拋挖、剪莖、剪頭、裝袋等步驟，費工又費時，同時雇人收獲所付的工費在所有成本中就占了大頭。
 
　　今年，為充分發(fā)揮大蒜收獲機的作用，提高生產(chǎn)效率，確保安全生產(chǎn)，該縣農(nóng)機局組織技術(shù)人員深入田間地頭，向群眾詳細講解大蒜機械收獲技術(shù)要點和機具的使用、調(diào)整、保養(yǎng)等方面的知識，并現(xiàn)場進行大蒜收獲演示。這種新型的大蒜收獲機通過小四輪拖拉機動力傳輸，帶動特制的雙導(dǎo)向、分離式切刀破土、切根作業(yè)，一根根平整的大蒜便收獲在田間，不僅保證了蒜頭的品質(zhì)，降低了傷蒜率，而且其功耗低、效率高、是人工收獲速度的60倍以上。
 
　　“以后我們會逐步推廣大蒜全程機械化種植，這樣每畝可節(jié)約成本千元以上，可以有效緩解山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)種蒜人力不足、勞動強度大等現(xiàn)狀，這樣也有利于促進種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。”吉木薩爾縣農(nóng)機局工程師何雄才說。
 
　　吉木薩爾縣山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)種植的紅皮大蒜個大、質(zhì)優(yōu)、享譽疆內(nèi)外。今年近3000畝大蒜喜獲豐收，按照每畝地7000元左右的收益來算，僅大蒜一項，就可為當?shù)剞r(nóng)民增收2100萬元左右。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　受市場等多方因素的影響，大蒜的行情一直不穩(wěn)定，忽高忽低的價格讓蒜農(nóng)把握不準下一年的種植面積，再加上大蒜的生產(chǎn)成本中很大一部分都來自于人工成本，雇傭工人挖蒜的價格在持續(xù)上升，因此大力推廣大蒜機械化收割，既能在一定程度上提高大蒜的生產(chǎn)效率、節(jié)約勞動力成本，同時還能穩(wěn)定市場，助力農(nóng)民增收。
 
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