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那些訂單農(nóng)業(yè)模式的成功嘗試

2018-07-15 14:41:52 來源:中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:34653 評論

導(dǎo)讀:“手中有訂單,種養(yǎng)心不慌?!痹絹碓蕉嗟胤介_始嘗試訂單農(nóng)業(yè)模式,農(nóng)戶根據(jù)其本身或其所在的鄉(xiāng)村組織同農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的購買者之間所簽訂的訂單,組織安排農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn),適應(yīng)市場需求,避免忙不生產(chǎn)。

  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】“手中有訂單,種養(yǎng)心不慌。”越來越多地方開始嘗試訂單農(nóng)業(yè)模式,農(nóng)戶根據(jù)其本身或其所在的鄉(xiāng)村組織同農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的購買者之間所簽訂的訂單,組織安排農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn),適應(yīng)市場需求,避免忙不生產(chǎn)。
 
  雖然說訂單模式在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中也不可避免有因部分農(nóng)民或商戶契約意識差、惡意違約的情況發(fā)生,但是不可否認(rèn),訂單模式依然是農(nóng)民們對于適應(yīng)市場的一個(gè)有效嘗試。訂單農(nóng)業(yè)形式多種多樣,成功的案例也比比皆是。
 

        與個(gè)人顧客簽訂訂單

 
  這種模式相對更加適合生態(tài)種植、有機(jī)種植、綠色種植。隨著生活品質(zhì)的提升,人們對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品健康、安全的期望也在不斷提高,相較于以往更加愿意花費(fèi)更多的價(jià)錢來獲得綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。農(nóng)戶、合作社提供農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的私人訂制服務(wù),讓顧客通過認(rèn)購的方式提前下訂單。
 
  來鳳大山菜園地的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品從蔬菜采摘到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化分裝,從冷庫預(yù)冷到按客戶“訂單”裝箱,從專線冷藏車運(yùn)輸?shù)娇蛻羯鐓^(qū)冷柜自提,品質(zhì)更優(yōu)可控;農(nóng)戶采收,小盒包裝,貼上編碼,冷藏保鮮;合作社分單品數(shù)量,錄入“大山貓?jiān)鷳B(tài)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品”公眾號信息系統(tǒng);上海客戶在平臺(tái)選菜“下單”,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶到客戶帶標(biāo)記直供。
 
  與科研機(jī)構(gòu)簽訂產(chǎn)銷合同
 
  農(nóng)戶與科研、種子生產(chǎn)單位簽訂合同,依托科研技術(shù)服務(wù)部門或種子企業(yè)發(fā)展訂單農(nóng)業(yè)。這種訂單農(nóng)業(yè)帶有一定的科研性質(zhì),通過良種和先進(jìn)的技術(shù)提高種植收益。
 
  貴州省錦屏縣“農(nóng)商聯(lián)動(dòng)”的生產(chǎn)基地已覆蓋全縣15個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),常態(tài)服務(wù)需求端達(dá)到200多家。企業(yè)按訂單將種苗、化肥發(fā)放給農(nóng)戶種養(yǎng),農(nóng)業(yè)部門提供技術(shù)支持。公司按照統(tǒng)一采購、統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、統(tǒng)一配置、統(tǒng)一管理、統(tǒng)一配送即“五個(gè)一”的集團(tuán)化管理,實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)銷一體化。
 
  與批發(fā)市場簽訂產(chǎn)銷合同
 
  農(nóng)戶與專業(yè)批發(fā)市場簽訂合同,依托大市場發(fā)展訂單農(nóng)業(yè)。往往比較的那些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品上市前都會(huì)到各地舉行相關(guān)的推介會(huì),很多的批發(fā)市場訂單都會(huì)在現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行簽訂。
 
  湖北荊門高新區(qū)·掇刀區(qū)舉辦了“農(nóng)超對接”座談會(huì),眾多批發(fā)市場及各類農(nóng)村經(jīng)營主體齊聚一堂共話“農(nóng)超對接”。
 
  與或者加工廠簽訂產(chǎn)銷合同
 
  這可以說是常見的一種訂單農(nóng)業(yè)形式,農(nóng)戶與農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化或加工企業(yè)簽訂農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購銷合同,依托或加工企業(yè)發(fā)展訂單農(nóng)業(yè)。往往在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品聚集的產(chǎn)區(qū),當(dāng)?shù)卣紩?huì)引進(jìn)相關(guān)的加工企業(yè)到當(dāng)?shù)芈鋺?,形成一條龍的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。通過訂單的方式聚合資源,延伸和融合產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,不僅可以提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的附加值,而且農(nóng)戶和企業(yè)雙方的收益都會(huì)大大提高。
 
  貴州省天柱縣社學(xué)街道紅衛(wèi)村通過“公司+合作社+基地+農(nóng)戶(貧困戶)”的模式,在紅心柚基地里套種150畝辣椒、30畝西紅柿,中小規(guī)模多樣化經(jīng)營。定點(diǎn)銷往村里的食品加工企業(yè),為群眾消除了發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)的后顧之憂。目前,全村已有27戶入股合作社參與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,其中貧困戶就有20戶,占了三分之二。
 
  與專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、合作組織簽訂產(chǎn)銷合同
 
  農(nóng)戶與專業(yè)合作經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)簽訂合同,發(fā)展訂單農(nóng)業(yè)。為了對抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)維護(hù)共同的利益多個(gè)同類的加工企業(yè)往往會(huì)成立相應(yīng)的協(xié)會(huì),通過協(xié)會(huì)的方式和當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)戶、合作社進(jìn)行合作。
 
  近年來,四川省瀘州市納溪區(qū)在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營中,積極引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民加入農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)。納溪區(qū)打古鎮(zhèn)古純村農(nóng)民張賢中表示自從加入村里的稻田養(yǎng)魚協(xié)會(huì)后,養(yǎng)魚的技術(shù)有人手把手地教,“訂單”直接送到田坎上,年收入可達(dá)到3萬多元。納溪區(qū)農(nóng)村專業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)壯了農(nóng)民的“腰桿兒”,成為了新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的“活細(xì)胞”
 
  與經(jīng)銷公司、經(jīng)紀(jì)人、客商簽訂產(chǎn)銷合同
 
  農(nóng)戶通過經(jīng)銷公司、經(jīng)濟(jì)人、客商簽訂合同,依托流通組織發(fā)展訂單農(nóng)業(yè)。不僅可以和加工企業(yè)簽訂產(chǎn)銷合同,對于流通的企業(yè)也同樣適用,多樣豐富的銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)有助于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品效益提升,有助于規(guī)?;N植的發(fā)展。
 
  農(nóng)村淘寶與吉林政府企業(yè)簽訂協(xié)議,首批新型互聯(lián)網(wǎng)訂單農(nóng)業(yè)落戶當(dāng)?shù)?,通過大數(shù)據(jù)賦能和全鏈路升級,實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者和原產(chǎn)地的信息互通,帶動(dòng)特色農(nóng)業(yè)與電商平臺(tái)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈對接,助推“畝產(chǎn)一千美金”計(jì)劃落地。
 
  很顯然,我國的訂單農(nóng)業(yè)還在探索發(fā)展當(dāng)中,問題依然存在,但是成功的嘗試卻也不少。“千里之行,始于足下”,不妨專注當(dāng)前,走好現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的每一步路。
 
  此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,部分資料來源:新農(nóng)大視野、人民網(wǎng)、神農(nóng)島、四川在線,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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