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我國秸稈綜合利用推進工作如火如荼

2018-07-13 14:12:21 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：38531 評論

導(dǎo)讀：據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，2016年以來，全國已有12省(區(qū))開展了秸稈綜合利用試點。2017年，全國秸稈綜合利用率達82%，基本形成肥料化利用為主，飼料化、燃料化穩(wěn)步推進，基料化、原料化為輔的綜合利用格局。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息，2016年以來，全國已有12省(區(qū))開展了秸稈綜合利用試點。2017年，全國秸稈綜合利用率達82%，基本形成肥料化利用為主，飼料化、燃料化穩(wěn)步推進，基料化、原料化為輔的綜合利用格局。
 
　　2018年，全國秸稈粉碎還田機保有量達到85.6萬臺、秸稈撿拾打捆機保有量4.68萬臺，秸稈還田面積7.43億畝，撿拾打捆面積0.88億畝。吉林、河北、江蘇等地也不斷加大配套政策的創(chuàng)設(shè)力度，為秸稈綜合利用提供了強有力的政策保障。
 
　　吉林：大力推廣實施秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作制度
 
　　為落實吉林省委省政府有關(guān)安排部署，7月10日，吉林省農(nóng)委與省財政廳在雙遼市共同舉辦全省秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作培訓(xùn)班，總結(jié)秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作的工作成效，交流典型經(jīng)驗，示范推廣耕作裝備和模式，安排部署下步工作。
 
　　近年來，吉林省堅持以加強黑土地保護、蓄水保墑、節(jié)本增效和防治水土流失為目標(biāo)，突出試驗示范、典型引路、政策引導(dǎo)和項目帶動，大力推廣秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作技術(shù)，不斷擴大實施范圍和作業(yè)面積。截至2017年末，秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作由2007年的5個市(州)擴展到9個市(州)全覆蓋；由9個縣份擴展到46個縣份；由42萬畝擴展到560萬畝，增長13倍。
 
　　會議提出，到2025年，在全省基本形成以秸稈直接還田利用與耕地保護相結(jié)合的種植生態(tài)化耕作制度，形成耕地質(zhì)量、耕作效益、耕作生態(tài)“綠色增長”的推進機制。從2019年起，吉林省將適當(dāng)擴大補貼資金規(guī)模、提升補貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、擴大補貼實施范圍，努力滿足各地開展秸稈覆蓋還田保護性耕作的需要。繼續(xù)將保護性耕作機具納入農(nóng)機購置補貼范圍，滿足廣大農(nóng)民群眾對保護性耕作機具的購置需求。
 
　　河北：資源化利用率達96.8%
 
　　河北省通過秸稈肥料化利用、飼料化利用、能源化利用、基料化利用和原料化利用五化并舉，變廢為寶，目前秸稈綜合利用水平已居*列。2017年，全省秸稈可收集量約為5842萬噸，資源化利用5656萬噸，利用率達到96.8%。
 
　　據(jù)了解，河北省各地通過組織實施耕地保護與質(zhì)量提升行動，鼓勵支持農(nóng)民應(yīng)用秸稈粉碎還田、溫室挖溝還田、堆漚還田等腐熟技術(shù)，促進秸稈資源化利用。農(nóng)機購置補貼也向秸稈綜合利用機械重點傾斜，2017年全省新增秸稈還田機具3871臺套，秸稈綜合利用機械保有量達到12萬臺。在秸稈綜合利用和禁燒重點區(qū)域，對享有補貼資金的機具開展統(tǒng)一組織調(diào)配、統(tǒng)一地塊安排、統(tǒng)一收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、統(tǒng)一配件供應(yīng)的全程服務(wù)。2017年，河北省秸稈肥料化利用率大大提升，已占利用量的69.8%。同時，全省各地著力推廣帶穗青貯、添加劑青貯和秸稈壓塊打捆等技術(shù)。
 
　　此外，河北省以國家“糧改飼”試點項目為，推進種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高全株青貯應(yīng)用比例，去年共爭取中央“糧改飼”資金2.08億元，補貼作物面積104萬畝。
 
　　江蘇：秸稈綜合利用助農(nóng)民增收
 
　　江蘇省睢寧縣是農(nóng)業(yè)大縣，年產(chǎn)9.3億公斤糧食，同時也產(chǎn)生90余萬噸農(nóng)作物秸稈。2017年，全縣秸稈綜合利用率達95%，全縣收儲利用企業(yè)30余家，從事秸稈收儲利用社會化服務(wù)組織40余家，年收儲利用秸稈萬噸以上的10家。秸稈收儲直接增加農(nóng)民收入1280萬元，帶動農(nóng)村低收入1300戶，戶均增收800元。
 
　　在睢寧官山鎮(zhèn)秸稈收儲中心，官山鎮(zhèn)政府將全鎮(zhèn)小麥秸稈集中存儲、統(tǒng)一看管，根據(jù)市場行情及企業(yè)需要出售給企業(yè)。通過該項目運作，不僅可以徹底解決秸稈露天焚燒和亂拋亂放的隱患，全鎮(zhèn)24個村每年可增加集體經(jīng)濟收入25萬元，低收入農(nóng)戶通過融資利息差每年每戶可增加收入1500元。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　秸稈綜合利用是促進農(nóng)民增收就業(yè)的重要途徑，同時也是推進農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的重要舉措。“與發(fā)達國家相比，我國秸稈綜合利用仍處于初級階段，產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低，技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)相對薄弱。”農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科技教育司副司長李波說，在推進秸稈綜合利用過程中，需要進一步加強科技創(chuàng)新，不斷擴大技術(shù)應(yīng)用范圍，為生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)注入新活力。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：吉林省農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟信息中心、河北省農(nóng)業(yè)廳、農(nóng)民日報、中國秸稈網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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