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春耕那些事兒

2018-03-02 17:12:22 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：32382 評論

導(dǎo)讀：立春過后，春耕即將開始，年味還未散去，春耕已經(jīng)熱火朝天的進(jìn)入準(zhǔn)備階段了，那么，春耕到底要準(zhǔn)備些什么呢？

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 立春過后，春耕即將開始，年味還未散去，春耕已經(jīng)熱火朝天的進(jìn)入準(zhǔn)備階段了，那么，春耕到底要準(zhǔn)備些什么呢？
 
春耕那些事兒
 
　　習(xí)俗
 
　　在中國一些地區(qū)一直傳承著試?yán)绲牧?xí)俗，但由于各地環(huán)境和自然條件的不同，寓意春耕生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的方式和時(shí)間也有所不同。
 
　　桂北地區(qū)的開春試?yán)?，城?zhèn)活動(dòng)比鄉(xiāng)村開展得還要熱烈和隆重。農(nóng)村因天氣嚴(yán)寒試?yán)缟a(chǎn)耕耘，多是拿牛軛走進(jìn)牛欄，把牛軛往牛頸上一放，表示耕牛拉著牛軛耕田犁地之狀，預(yù)示著開春了，新的一年開始播種五谷了，應(yīng)該作好備耕，搶上季節(jié)耕耘播種，千萬不要錯(cuò)過耕種的時(shí)機(jī)。
 
　　堆龍德慶縣傳統(tǒng)的春播習(xí)俗主要有兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：在地里擺放白石頭，圍繞白石犁出五條畦溝，然后分別播種五谷。給莊稼地安放白石頭，源于萬物有靈的自然崇拜。藏族同胞崇尚白色，認(rèn)為白石頭有威懾能力，能驅(qū)魔嚇鬼，把它放在田地中央，能抵御冰雹旱澇等災(zāi)害，能保佑莊稼的成熟豐收。
 
　　春耕時(shí)節(jié)，侗家人看重的就是牛。春社那日，除了祭儺神，還有一項(xiàng)重要的事項(xiàng)就是教牛。
 
　　在牛學(xué)會(huì)犁田之前，需要進(jìn)行一番調(diào)教，這就是教牛。
 
　　播種育秧把好“三大關(guān)”
 
　　1.要把好種子消毒關(guān)。具體方法是：①藥劑處理前進(jìn)行曬種、選種工作，以增強(qiáng)種子發(fā)芽勢，提高種子發(fā)芽率。②用25%咪鮮胺浸種消毒：先將種子用清水預(yù)浸12小時(shí)，濾干后浸入3000-4000倍的咪鮮胺溶液中，即一支1毫升25%咪鮮胺兌水6-8斤，可浸稻種6斤左右，浸種24小時(shí)后取出稻種，不必清洗即可直接播種或催芽。
 
　　2.要把好催芽播種關(guān)。對已搞好浸種消毒處理的種子不催芽或采用保溫催芽到破胸露白，抓住暖頭冷尾的有利天氣及時(shí)播種。經(jīng)過包衣處理的種子，可不必作任何處理直接進(jìn)行播種。
 
　　3.要把好秧田管理關(guān)。整理秧田時(shí)不能施用尿素，宜施用適量壯秧劑或少量復(fù)合肥，播種后要蓋嚴(yán)薄膜保溫。齊苗后若天氣晴熱時(shí)要注意及時(shí)揭膜通風(fēng)，防止膜內(nèi)高溫灼苗，當(dāng)遇低溫時(shí)要及時(shí)重新蓋好薄膜保溫。
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)使用注意事項(xiàng)
 
　　1.各種農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械都應(yīng)按照使用說明書的要求，進(jìn)行使用前的清理、潤滑、調(diào)整等工作，以確保機(jī)具以良好的技術(shù)狀態(tài)投入作業(yè)。
 
　　2.對動(dòng)力機(jī)械潤滑系統(tǒng)的保養(yǎng)，除按規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用潤滑油外，還要嚴(yán)格遵守潤滑系統(tǒng)保養(yǎng)周期和規(guī)范，定期清洗潤滑系統(tǒng)，定期更換過濾部件，以減輕機(jī)件磨損。
 
　　3.初春氣溫變化無常，對動(dòng)力機(jī)械冷卻系統(tǒng)的正確使用不能忽視。繼續(xù)做好防凍工作，夜間氣溫低于0℃時(shí)，應(yīng)放掉冷卻水，以免凍裂機(jī)體；機(jī)器在低溫啟動(dòng)時(shí)，應(yīng)實(shí)行預(yù)熱啟動(dòng)注意發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正常使用溫度，正常的工作溫度應(yīng)保持在80℃~95℃，以減少發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的不必要磨損。
 
　　4.拖拉機(jī)在進(jìn)行旋耕、播種、運(yùn)輸?shù)茸鳂I(yè)時(shí)，必須嚴(yán)格遵守操作規(guī)程，確保安全生產(chǎn)。
 
　　“微雨眾卉新，一雷驚蟄始，田家?guī)兹臻e？耕種從此始。”春耕要準(zhǔn)備的事情可謂是多而雜，但是對于多年與農(nóng)事打交道的農(nóng)民來說，就是小菜一碟，只要來年能大豐收，忙點(diǎn)、累點(diǎn)都沒關(guān)系，這就是中國人勤勞樸素的傳統(tǒng)美德。眼看著春耕一天天臨近，農(nóng)戶們都已經(jīng)卯足了勁兒準(zhǔn)備大干一場。
 

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