2025年冬油菜春季田間管理技術(shù)意見

2025-02-20 09:21:50 來源:全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量:9497 評論

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 “雨水”將至,西南地區(qū)油菜已進入開花期,長江中游地區(qū)油菜已進入蕾薹期,長江下游地區(qū)油菜處于苗期,正是春季田管的關(guān)鍵時期。去冬以來,油菜主產(chǎn)區(qū)溫光好、降水少,氣象條件總體有利于油菜生長。根據(jù)目前在田油菜長勢和氣象條件,各地要突出防范“倒春寒”和菌核病等風(fēng)險,著力落實“清理三溝,分類追肥,防旱防凍,病蟲防治,一促四防”等關(guān)鍵技術(shù),全力夯實夏收油菜豐收基礎(chǔ)。
 
  清理三溝
 
  水旱輪作油菜區(qū),應(yīng)及時清理廂溝、腰溝、圍溝,保持“三溝”暢通,做到外排水溝和“三溝”相連相通,明水能排,暗水能濾,防范雨雪導(dǎo)致的漬害影響??山Y(jié)合追施薹肥、清理三溝,壅根培土,保溫保肥防寒。
 
  分類追肥
 
  薹肥是確?;ㄆ?、角果期氮磷鉀元素供應(yīng)充足的關(guān)鍵。追施速效肥可以快速滿足分枝生長的養(yǎng)分供給,打牢單株角果數(shù)和千粒重基礎(chǔ),提高抗寒性和抗倒性。對發(fā)生干旱的田塊,江蘇、安徽等下游稻油輪作遲播區(qū)和江西、湖南等稻稻油輪作區(qū)油菜,及早追施薹肥,適當(dāng)增施鉀肥,促進油菜春發(fā)生長,增加單株干物質(zhì)積累。酸性土壤產(chǎn)區(qū),應(yīng)增施硼肥和鈣鎂,防范花而不實和缺鈣萎縮。
 
  防旱防凍
 
  對發(fā)生干旱的地區(qū),要在降溫之前及時灌溉半溝水或跑馬水抗旱,增加抗凍能力,防范旱寒疊加影響。采用葉面噴施赤霉素•蕓薹素內(nèi)酯、胺鮮酯、新美洲星、黃腐酸等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,提高油菜防寒抗旱能力。
 
  病蟲防控
 
  做好病蟲情監(jiān)測和統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治工作,霜霉病、病毒病、白斑病和蚜蟲等發(fā)生較重地區(qū),堅持治早治小、綜合防控原則,可噴施多菌靈、烯酰嗎啉等廣譜殺菌劑防治霜霉病和白斑病,噴施噻蟲嗪、聯(lián)苯•噻蟲胺等進行防治蚜蟲和病毒病。江西等去年黑斑病嚴(yán)重地區(qū),應(yīng)在角果期用福美雙或百菌清進行防治。建議采用植保無人機實行統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治,以提高防治效果、降低防治成本。
 
  一促四防
 
  主產(chǎn)區(qū)應(yīng)在花期適時開展一促四防,并根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙嶋H情況合理安排施藥時間、次數(shù)及配方。在菌核病輕度和中度發(fā)生區(qū)域,建議開花始盛期(田間有50%以上的植株開花)防治一次;在菌核病重發(fā)區(qū)域,建議初花期和盛花期各防治一次,兩次之間間隔7—10天。去年菌核病嚴(yán)重地區(qū)推薦采用氟唑菌酰羥胺•咪鮮胺、異菌•氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺、丙硫菌唑等新型藥劑,一般地區(qū)可采用菌核凈、咪鮮胺、腐霉利等常規(guī)殺菌劑,并與水溶性硼肥混合溶解后噴施。
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