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全國農(nóng)技中心組織召開2024年全國小麥冬前苗情視頻會(huì)商會(huì)

2024-12-06 09:41:55 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：13190 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，全國農(nóng)技中心組織農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部小麥專家指導(dǎo)組，開展2024年全國小麥冬前苗情視頻會(huì)商。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 近日，全國農(nóng)技中心組織農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部小麥專家指導(dǎo)組，開展2024年全國小麥冬前苗情視頻會(huì)商，交流當(dāng)前小麥苗情長(zhǎng)勢(shì)、分析有利條件和不利因素，研究提出下一步冬前鎮(zhèn)壓控旺、水肥促弱、病蟲防控等關(guān)鍵田管措施，指導(dǎo)各地科學(xué)開展苗期管理，全力夯實(shí)明年小麥豐收基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　當(dāng)前全國冬小麥播種進(jìn)入尾聲，秋冬種進(jìn)展總體順利。總體看，今年秋冬種以來，主產(chǎn)區(qū)氣溫偏高、墑情較好，天氣條件總體有利，小麥播種質(zhì)量、出苗情況總體好于往年，播種面積、一二類苗比例均較上年增加，長(zhǎng)勢(shì)總體正常偏好。但部分地區(qū)仍存在旺苗比例高、弱苗長(zhǎng)勢(shì)差、病蟲草害和凍害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高等不利因素。
 
　　會(huì)商強(qiáng)調(diào)，各地要高度重視小麥冬前田間管理的重要性，充分利用好冬前的最后窗口期，以培育冬前壯苗為主線，以“鎮(zhèn)壓控旺、水肥促弱、防病除草”為重點(diǎn)，因地因苗細(xì)化技術(shù)方案，落實(shí)落細(xì)冬前田管措施，確保小麥安全越冬。
 
　　以控為主防旺長(zhǎng)
 
　　堅(jiān)持“壓干不壓濕、壓軟不壓硬、壓輕不壓重”的原則，選擇10時(shí)至17時(shí)，因苗因地因墑開展機(jī)械鎮(zhèn)壓，控地上分蘗、促地下長(zhǎng)根、保穩(wěn)健生長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)，也可在冬前4至5葉期葉面噴施多效挫、烯效唑等化控調(diào)節(jié)劑，抑制地上部分生長(zhǎng)；對(duì)群體偏大、葉片過長(zhǎng)但個(gè)體瘦弱的假旺苗，以及有缺肥癥狀的麥田，不宜化控，可噴施磷酸二氫鉀等生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑，促根健苗、增強(qiáng)抗性。
 
　　適時(shí)冬灌防凍害
 
　　針對(duì)近期主產(chǎn)區(qū)大范圍降溫天氣，因時(shí)因地因苗抓好冬灌，既可以改善土壤墑情、促進(jìn)生根分蘗，又可以緩沖降溫影響、降低冬季凍害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)土壤墑情較好的旺苗麥田，可適當(dāng)推遲冬灌或不冬灌。對(duì)土壤相對(duì)含水量低于70%的麥田，在土壤封凍前、日均溫降至3℃左右開始澆越冬水，到夜凍晝消時(shí)結(jié)束；對(duì)單根獨(dú)苗的晚播弱苗可不進(jìn)行冬灌，避免降低地溫，影響苗情轉(zhuǎn)化。
 
　　化學(xué)除草防病蟲
 
　　今年秋季氣溫偏高、主產(chǎn)區(qū)墑情較好，小麥病蟲草害發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。堅(jiān)持“預(yù)防為主、綜合防治”的植保方針，實(shí)施“分區(qū)治理、分類指導(dǎo)”的防控策略，預(yù)防和控制小麥種傳與土傳病害、地下害蟲以及秋冬季苗期病蟲危害。防治麥田雜草，堅(jiān)持“春草秋治”，抓住冬前麥田化除的有利時(shí)機(jī)，及時(shí)開展冬前化學(xué)除草，防止出現(xiàn)凍藥害。
 
　　同期，針對(duì)當(dāng)前小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)部分出現(xiàn)旺苗比例大、凍害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高等問題，舉辦了2024年小麥冬前控旺長(zhǎng)促壯苗技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)培訓(xùn)班，邀請(qǐng)行業(yè)專家從氣象條件預(yù)測(cè)、鎮(zhèn)壓抗逆防災(zāi)、化控防倒控旺等方面開展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，河北、山東、河南等13個(gè)省區(qū)市的農(nóng)技推廣人員、新型經(jīng)營主體、種植大戶和小農(nóng)戶參加培訓(xùn)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)點(diǎn)擊量超100萬人次。

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