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專家解讀 | 穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打推進節(jié)糧減損 久久為功講好中國反食品浪費故事

2024-11-28 10:06:50 來源:國家發(fā)展改革委 閱讀量:13971 評論

導(dǎo)讀:《行動方案》進一步延續(xù)了全鏈條糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費治理思路,深化了各環(huán)節(jié)糧食節(jié)約和減損的成效和水平,強化了全社會開展糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費的決心和期望,具有重要意義。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 近日,中共中央辦公廳、國務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費行動方案》(以下簡稱《行動方案》),對我國節(jié)糧減損和反食品浪費工作進行了系統(tǒng)部署。該方案的實施,是進一步貫徹落實《中華人民共和國反食品浪費法》和《中華人民共和國糧食安全保障法》的重要舉措,是加快形成切實管用的糧食和食物節(jié)約長效機制的關(guān)鍵路線圖和施工圖,也是推動全社會邁入節(jié)約型社會、推動生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要引擎。
 
  一、開展糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費的重要意義
 
  《行動方案》進一步延續(xù)了全鏈條糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費治理思路,深化了各環(huán)節(jié)糧食節(jié)約和減損的成效和水平,強化了全社會開展糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費的決心和期望,具有重要意義。
 
  一是有益于強化糧食安全保障,緩解供需緊平衡。盡管我國糧食產(chǎn)量連續(xù)9年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上,但糧食安全依然面臨復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)。耕地資源日趨緊張、種植成本不斷上升,加上自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、氣候變化加劇和病蟲害擴散等不確定性因素,使農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)空間受到影響。通過農(nóng)機、良種、適度加工等一系列舉措,持續(xù)強化糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費這一“無形良田”,可以有效增加糧食有效產(chǎn)出,緩解糧食剛性需求,從而保障我國的糧食安全。
 
  二是有利于推動生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和“雙碳”目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)。食物浪費一端連著食物生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)資源環(huán)境,一端連著食物消費和城鄉(xiāng)人居環(huán)境,全球食物隱含的碳排放約占全球碳排放的三分之一,是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和碳達峰與碳中和的重要內(nèi)容。建設(shè)生態(tài)文明和實現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo),離不開農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的完善和種植水平的提高,也離不開廣大民眾消費觀念和行為習(xí)慣的轉(zhuǎn)變。持續(xù)推進糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費,可以進一步強化民眾的節(jié)約理念,避免不必要的浪費和資源環(huán)境影響,從而共同助力生態(tài)文明以及建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會和“雙碳”目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)。
 
  三是有利于農(nóng)業(yè)和食品全鏈條高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。為消費者提供健康、營養(yǎng)、綠色的食物是農(nóng)業(yè)和食品全鏈條高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的核心目標(biāo)。持續(xù)深化糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費各項行動,可以間接推動食物生產(chǎn)、加工工藝和品質(zhì)和管理水平的提升,實現(xiàn)食物相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)從“量的擴張”轉(zhuǎn)向“質(zhì)的提高”,最終助推餐飲業(yè)等產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
 
  二、《行動方案》重點與特征
 
  一是持之以恒,久久為功。此次《行動方案》發(fā)布,是兩辦繼2021年印發(fā)《糧食節(jié)約行動方案》以來,為深化落實《中華人民共和國反食品浪費法》和《中華人民共和國糧食安全法》而發(fā)布的又一重要舉措?!缎袆臃桨浮返哪繕?biāo)和任務(wù)舉措與上一次輪方案緊密銜接,在上一輪2025年目標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)上,進一步將方案目標(biāo)推進到2027年底,體現(xiàn)了國家戰(zhàn)略層面在推進糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費工作上的連續(xù)性和決心,為下一階段工作明確了重點和方向。
 
  二是面向國際,科技支撐。節(jié)糧減損、反對食物浪費不僅是保障我國糧食安全的重要舉措,更是聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的重要內(nèi)容。聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程明確指出,到2030年將全球零售和消費端食物浪費減少一半。作為負責(zé)任的大國,我國一直將踐行可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為推動社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要內(nèi)容。此次《行動方案》中,除了將各項指標(biāo)與國際進行對比外,專門將加強損失浪費統(tǒng)計調(diào)查作為重要任務(wù)進行部署,提出建立糧食損失和食品浪費統(tǒng)計調(diào)查制度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范和指標(biāo)體系,分領(lǐng)域開展專項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查。同時,明確以科技創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動糧食系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型,推動智慧倉儲、綠色物流和智能化農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。
 
  三是突出重點,務(wù)求實效?!缎袆臃桨浮芬约Z食節(jié)約減損行動、全民節(jié)糧意識提升行動、餐飲行業(yè)反浪費行動和單位食堂反浪費行動四大行動為綱領(lǐng)展開。在堅持全鏈條糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費的治理思路,強調(diào)全鏈條推進工作的同時,更加突出了當(dāng)前我國糧食節(jié)約和反食品浪費所面臨的重點領(lǐng)域和重點問題,抓主要矛盾,實現(xiàn)重點突破。此外,《行動方案》進一步明確提出探索開展家庭及零售環(huán)節(jié)食品浪費評估,鼓勵支持餐飲服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺開展外賣食品浪費評估。
 
  四是分類指導(dǎo),精準(zhǔn)施策。《行動方案》明確了社會各個層面推進節(jié)糧減損和反食品浪費工作的責(zé)任和義務(wù),強調(diào)國家層面各級政府的主導(dǎo)作用和市場與個體層面的行為引導(dǎo)。比如,針對糧食生產(chǎn)、收獲和運輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)存在的損耗問題,《行動方案》提出技術(shù)引導(dǎo)、設(shè)備更新、工藝創(chuàng)新等具體舉措;對家庭、餐飲等領(lǐng)域食品浪費問題,強調(diào)行業(yè)規(guī)范和個體行為引導(dǎo),提出深化“光盤行動”等舉措;針對機關(guān)、學(xué)校等單位食堂的浪費行為,強調(diào)監(jiān)督監(jiān)管,加強懲治措施。
 
  綜上,《行動方案》政治站位高,舉措扎實,重點突出,可操作性強,為現(xiàn)階段我國推進節(jié)糧減損和反食品浪費工作提供了切實可行的政策路線圖。
 
  作者:中國科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所 王靈恩,張丹,吳良,李云云,成升魁
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