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開展時間: 2025-02-11
舉辦單位: 美國加州圖拉爾國際展覽中心
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地點(diǎn): 巴彥淖爾市
開展時間: 2025-02-22
舉辦單位: 內(nèi)蒙古春季農(nóng)機(jī)展組委會
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地點(diǎn): 廣州市
開展時間: 2025-02-25
舉辦單位: 廣州光亞法蘭克福展覽有限公司
2024年甜菜后期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見
2024-08-30
08:41:51
來源:全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:14849
評論
導(dǎo)讀:為做好后期生產(chǎn)管理,確保今年甜菜豐產(chǎn)豐收,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組,根據(jù)甜菜產(chǎn)區(qū)氣候條件和生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn),研究提出2024年甜菜后期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。
【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 當(dāng)前,甜菜生長已進(jìn)入塊根及糖分增長期,是產(chǎn)量形成及糖分積累的關(guān)鍵時期。為做好后期生產(chǎn)管理,確保今年甜菜豐產(chǎn)豐收,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組,根據(jù)甜菜產(chǎn)區(qū)氣候條件和生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn),研究提出2024年甜菜后期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。
加強(qiáng)田間管理
(一)調(diào)控水肥。甜菜生長后期嚴(yán)禁施用氮肥,控制地上部生長,促進(jìn)地上部有機(jī)物向塊根運(yùn)輸,可適當(dāng)噴施高效增糖劑1—2次,提高塊根含糖率及加工品質(zhì)。收獲前20天嚴(yán)禁澆水,如后期灌水過多,會導(dǎo)致塊根含糖率降低、品質(zhì)下降,嚴(yán)重時易造成塊根腐爛。
(二)保護(hù)功能葉片。甜菜功能葉片數(shù)量直接影響塊根產(chǎn)量和含糖率,生長中后期要嚴(yán)格保護(hù)功能葉片,避免人為損傷,延長葉片壽命。
(三)及時回收滴灌帶及殘膜。及時回收田間滴灌主管、毛管和殘膜,以減少污染,保障耕地質(zhì)量。
加強(qiáng)病蟲害防控
(一)防治褐斑病。褐斑病是甜菜的主要病害之一,生產(chǎn)上普遍發(fā)生,高溫高濕條件有利于褐斑病流行,需提早預(yù)防。當(dāng)田間病株率達(dá)到5%以上時開始施藥防治,可選用苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯、多菌靈等藥劑水溶液噴施,也可用吡唑醚菌酯(每畝用藥量減半)+氯溴異氰尿酸可溶粉劑進(jìn)行防控。
(二)防治白粉病。甜菜白粉病發(fā)生和流行與氣象條件關(guān)系密切,高溫炎熱天氣利于病勢擴(kuò)展。發(fā)病后需及時防控,可選用甲基硫菌靈懸浮劑等進(jìn)行防控,一般防治2次即可。
(三)防治蟲害。甜菜生長后期的蟲害主要是蚜蟲、甘藍(lán)夜蛾等。蚜蟲可選用吡蟲啉、氟啶蟲胺腈等進(jìn)行防治,兼防盲蝽蟓、煙粉虱等蟲害。發(fā)生甘藍(lán)夜蛾危害時,使用一般殺蟲藥劑均有較好防控效果。
做好收獲貯藏
(一)做好機(jī)械檢修和維護(hù)。及時對
甜菜收獲機(jī)械進(jìn)行檢修、保養(yǎng)和維護(hù),購置易損件,避免因機(jī)械故障影響甜菜收獲進(jìn)度。
(二)適時收獲。甜菜收獲期一般在9月底至10月底,要密切關(guān)注天氣變化和霜凍時間,集中人力物力機(jī)械及時起收,防止塊根受凍成為凍化菜,造成產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)下降。
(三)做好染病塊根處理。發(fā)生根腐病和叢根病的地塊,收獲過程中將腐爛的塊根和感染叢根病的塊根進(jìn)行集中清理和深埋處理,以減輕菌源數(shù)量,降低甜菜貯藏中的腐爛損失及加工過程中的工藝損耗。
(四)做好貯藏。甜菜起收后應(yīng)及時交售,不能及時交售的應(yīng)注意覆蓋保藏,減少損失。甜菜堆垛要通風(fēng)透氣,防止霉變腐爛。避免凍化菜及破損菜入垛。
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