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開(kāi)州區(qū)開(kāi)展玉米機(jī)收損失監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)查

2024-08-05 11:16:46 來(lái)源：重慶市開(kāi)州區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：12230 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：8月1日，重慶市開(kāi)州區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展服務(wù)中心工作人員到臨江鎮(zhèn)新壩村的玉米高產(chǎn)示范基地開(kāi)展“玉米機(jī)收損失監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)查”活動(dòng)。本次活動(dòng)，邀請(qǐng)重慶市人大代表陳令參與監(jiān)督，確保監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、全面。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】為牢固樹(shù)立“減損就是增產(chǎn)”的節(jié)糧減損意識(shí)，持續(xù)鞏固近年來(lái)主糧作物機(jī)收減損工作成果，重慶市開(kāi)州區(qū)狠抓玉米等主糧作物的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，持續(xù)挖掘丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)收減損潛力。
 
　　8月1日，重慶市開(kāi)州區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展服務(wù)中心工作人員到臨江鎮(zhèn)新壩村的玉米高產(chǎn)示范基地開(kāi)展“玉米機(jī)收損失監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)查”活動(dòng)。本次活動(dòng)，邀請(qǐng)重慶市人大代表陳令參與監(jiān)督，確保監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、全面。
 
　　玉米機(jī)收現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，農(nóng)機(jī)手嫻熟的駕駛著收獲機(jī)械，通過(guò)繞圈的方式對(duì)農(nóng)作物進(jìn)行收獲。隨著機(jī)器轟鳴聲的此起彼伏，一排排玉米植株被割臺(tái)喂入收獲機(jī)械中，然后由收獲機(jī)械自動(dòng)完成玉米脫粒、秸稈粉碎。一排排粉碎的秸稈整齊的平鋪在地里，脫粒后的玉米粒由收獲機(jī)械的放糧裝置傳輸?shù)教镩g轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)車?yán)?，由轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)車運(yùn)送到烘干中心開(kāi)展下一道工序作業(yè)。
 
　　在收獲機(jī)械作業(yè)后，由工作人員隨機(jī)選取多個(gè)取樣區(qū)，然后在分別收集各取樣區(qū)域內(nèi)夾雜在秸稈和雜余內(nèi)的籽粒、穗頭(不含超出取樣區(qū)域部分)上未脫凈的籽粒和掉落在地面的籽粒，脫粒去雜后稱其質(zhì)量(忽略自然落粒)，然后再以近三年臨江鎮(zhèn)大面積種植品種的平均畝產(chǎn)量代替單位面積籽粒產(chǎn)量，并按照相應(yīng)的公式計(jì)算出玉米機(jī)收的損失率。經(jīng)過(guò)工作人員測(cè)得，兩平方米的掉落區(qū)域的平均損失玉米籽粒重量為25.4g，按照當(dāng)?shù)厝昶骄鶈挝幻娣e籽粒產(chǎn)量401.03千克/畝的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算得到該地塊的玉米機(jī)收損失率為2.1%，低于全國(guó)玉米機(jī)收損失率2.2%的水平，達(dá)到了開(kāi)州區(qū)玉米機(jī)收損失率的預(yù)期。
 
　　收獲玉米的農(nóng)機(jī)手朱健分享了他自己的機(jī)收減損、增產(chǎn)保供要訣：
 
　　一是要在收獲前對(duì)機(jī)具進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)，機(jī)具作業(yè)時(shí)才能更加穩(wěn)定可靠。
 
　　二是要熟悉收割地塊情況及作物成熟度和倒伏情況，設(shè)定好收割路線和預(yù)估好收割速度。
 
　　三是要注意作物留茬高度，機(jī)具作業(yè)時(shí)候不能過(guò)量喂入，超出機(jī)具負(fù)荷。
 
　　四是注意分禾扶禾的裝配，調(diào)整好輥板刀間的配合、注意星輪皮帶輥輪的間隙，才能更好的收獲作物、降低割臺(tái)損失、不易堵塞機(jī)具。
 
　　五是檢查好滾筒及凹板，注意篩子及風(fēng)量，才能有效控制脫粒損失及清選損失。
 

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