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當(dāng)前黃淮?？购当Ｏ牟ゼ夹g(shù)意見(jiàn)

2024-06-13 08:44:45 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：17608 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：6月中下旬，黃淮海地區(qū)仍以晴天為主，降雨持續(xù)偏少，部分地區(qū)有可能出現(xiàn)旱情。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 “芒種”已過(guò)，夏收進(jìn)入高峰，夏播全面展開(kāi)。5月以來(lái)，黃淮海地區(qū)持續(xù)晴天少雨，氣溫偏高2—3℃，土壤失墑快，部分地區(qū)旱象抬頭。據(jù)氣象部門預(yù)計(jì)，6月中下旬，黃淮海地區(qū)仍以晴天為主，降雨持續(xù)偏少，部分地區(qū)有可能出現(xiàn)旱情，對(duì)玉米大豆夏播和出苗造成不利影響。黃淮海地區(qū)要立足抗干旱、保夏播、促全苗，落實(shí)合理密植、種肥同播、免耕直播等措施，切實(shí)提高播種質(zhì)量，確保一播保全苗、種在豐產(chǎn)期，夯實(shí)玉米大豆等夏播作物高產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　科學(xué)抗旱搶農(nóng)時(shí)
 
　　春爭(zhēng)日、夏爭(zhēng)時(shí)，適期播種是夏播作物高產(chǎn)的前提。堅(jiān)持寧早不晚，前茬收獲后搶時(shí)播種，黃淮海中南部爭(zhēng)取6月15日前、黃淮海北部6月20日前完成播種。要立足抗干旱、抗長(zhǎng)旱，提前做好抗災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備，廣辟水源，合理調(diào)配澆水設(shè)施，為適期適墑播種創(chuàng)造條件。
 
　　造墑播種保全苗
 
　　對(duì)干旱缺墑明顯的田塊，有條件的地方澆水造墑，確保適期播種。對(duì)表墑不足、底墑?shì)^好的田塊，通過(guò)坐水播種、澆“蒙頭水”等措施，確保種足種滿。對(duì)近期可能出現(xiàn)降雨的地區(qū)，可以干籽播種、等雨出苗。對(duì)水源條件較好的地區(qū)，通過(guò)水肥一體化設(shè)施，落實(shí)滴水出苗，確保苗齊苗勻。
 
　　精準(zhǔn)播種提質(zhì)量
 
　　玉米選擇多功能高精度、種肥同播、單粒精播的機(jī)械，有條件的地方選用氣吸式或指夾式等精密播種機(jī)，實(shí)行免耕貼茬直播、種肥異位同播，提高作業(yè)精度。大豆優(yōu)先選擇氣吸式高性能播種機(jī)，推廣麥后免耕覆秸精播技術(shù)，切實(shí)提高播種質(zhì)量。
 
　　合理密植保足苗
 
　　選用熟期適宜、高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、耐密抗倒、適宜機(jī)收等品種。實(shí)施種子包衣，有必要的進(jìn)行二次包衣。玉米一般大田選擇耐高溫的中早熟品種，實(shí)施密植滴灌的地塊選擇中穗型品種，一般大田畝播4500—4800粒、密植滴灌地塊5000—5500粒。大豆選用宜機(jī)收、抗倒伏的高產(chǎn)品種，畝播量6—8斤，畝保苗1.2萬(wàn)—1.5萬(wàn)。
 
　　來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部玉米專家指導(dǎo)組、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心

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