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小麥機(jī)收減損順口溜

2024-06-06 08:49:06 來(lái)源：山東農(nóng)機(jī)化網(wǎng) 閱讀量：18344 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：機(jī)具收前先檢查，走轉(zhuǎn)有燈停有閘。收送脫粒選卸糧，離合剎車要適當(dāng)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 一年盼個(gè)麥季，收麥?zhǔn)莻€(gè)大事。
 
　　收前做好準(zhǔn)備，減損就是增收。
 
　　（一）機(jī)具檢查
 
　　機(jī)具收前先檢查，走轉(zhuǎn)有燈停有閘。
 
　　收送脫粒選卸糧，離合剎車要適當(dāng)。
 
　　皮帶齒輪油和水，該滑要滑不能松。
 
　　螺栓螺母配合緊，零件工具配備齊。
 
　　油料充足不耽誤，出現(xiàn)故障好排除。
 
　　注：行走、轉(zhuǎn)向、制動(dòng)、燈光。
 
　　收割、輸送、脫粒、清選、卸糧。
 
　　離合、制動(dòng)踏板行程要適當(dāng)。
 
　　（二）試割
 
　　開(kāi)收之前先試車，地塊地形要看清。
 
　　間隙風(fēng)扇調(diào)整好，不跑不掉不漏風(fēng)。
 
　　根據(jù)情況調(diào)機(jī)具，注意觀察仔細(xì)聽(tīng)。
 
　　（三）適時(shí)收獲
 
　　麥?zhǔn)张D熟稍往后，麥種天氣做決定。
 
　　孬天一定要上緊，適期收獲都高興。
 
　　（四）質(zhì)量要求
 
　　減少損失不超1，一個(gè)巴掌可搞定。
 
　　麥粒不多兩三個(gè)，收獲技術(shù)差不多。
 
　　注：機(jī)收減損標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不超1%。巴掌法0.02㎡拋撒不超3粒。
 
　　（五）行走路線
 
　　就近卸糧，直線行走，轉(zhuǎn)彎停車，把頭抬起。
 
　　注：轉(zhuǎn)向、倒車時(shí)把割臺(tái)抬起來(lái)。
 
　　（六）作業(yè)速度
 
　　速度合理，不要急躁。
 
　　特殊降速，緩?fù)Ｏɑ稹?br /> 
　　注：特殊情況，降低作業(yè)速度；摘擋停車，要讓滾筒轉(zhuǎn)一會(huì)，再減小油門熄停。
 
　　（七）幅寬
 
　　不張大嘴，八八九九。
 
　　注：作業(yè)幅寬以割臺(tái)的80%、90%為宜，喂入均勻，濕麥少喂。
 
　　（八）留茬
 
　　留茬一虎乎，麥濕用雙刀。
 
　　注：留茬10-15公分左右，差不多與手掌虎口張開(kāi)，食指與拇指間距相當(dāng)，麥稈濕時(shí)可用雙層割刀、割臺(tái)。
 
　　（九）調(diào)撥輪
 
　　撥輪不快1.1，撥輪不高半截腰。
 
　　下面不打草，上邊不堆麥。
 
　　注：撥禾輪線速度為聯(lián)合收割機(jī)前進(jìn)速度的1.1倍-1.2倍，不宜過(guò)高；撥輪彈齒或壓板作用在作物高度的2/3處為宜。
 
　　（十）調(diào)脫粒、清選
 
　　滾筒快間隙小，風(fēng)小眼大尾巴翹。
 
　　注：在保證碎粒不多的情況下，適當(dāng)提高滾筒的轉(zhuǎn)速，減少滾筒與凹版之間的間隙；入口與出口間隙之比一般為4：1；適當(dāng)減小風(fēng)扇風(fēng)量、調(diào)大篩子開(kāi)度、提高尾篩位置。
 
　　（十一）收倒伏
 
　　歪麥調(diào)撥輪，逆收齒后傾，順收齒前傾。
 
　　減少喂入量，增加送風(fēng)口，割刀貼地走。
 
　　注：順向收割撥禾輪前傾前移，撥齒彈片壓低，逆向收割撥禾輪后傾前移，撥齒彈片上挑(撥禾彈齒傾斜15-30度)。
 
　　（十二）過(guò)熟
 
　　麥過(guò)熟別撥恁快，一早一晚收割最好。
 
　　速度低點(diǎn)，篩子小點(diǎn)。
 
　　注：小麥過(guò)熟桿易斷、粒易掉，應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)低撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速。早晨、傍晚收更好。同時(shí)降低作業(yè)速度、適當(dāng)減少清選篩開(kāi)度。
 
　　（十三）規(guī)范操作
 
　　收割別超載，喂入要適量。
 
　　千萬(wàn)別堵塞，清堵快卸糧。
 
　　注：在額定負(fù)荷下工作，喂入量適當(dāng)，經(jīng)常檢查凹版篩和清選篩的篩面，防止堵塞，及時(shí)清理，及時(shí)卸糧、卸凈。
 
　　(曹縣農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)中心　王福成)

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