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山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳關于做好倒春寒天氣應對工作的緊急通知

2024-03-22 09:18:05 來源:山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:19427 評論

導讀:春分已過,當前正值春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的關鍵時期,桃、杏、梨等果樹正在陸續(xù)開花,冬小麥從南到北進入起身拔節(jié)期。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 春分已過,當前正值春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的關鍵時期,桃、杏、梨等果樹正在陸續(xù)開花,冬小麥從南到北進入起身拔節(jié)期。據(jù)省氣象局預報,3月27-28日將出現(xiàn)大風降溫天氣,3月28日凌晨長治大部、臨汾大部最低氣溫降至0℃左右;4月1-5日過程降溫6℃,南部最低氣溫接近0℃;4月7-8日過程降溫4℃,南部最低氣溫在1℃以上。突然的“倒春寒”天氣可能對花期林果和苗期農(nóng)作物造成凍害,使春播春管受阻。根據(jù)省委農(nóng)村工作領導小組“倒春寒”專題工作會議要求,為切實做好“倒春寒”防范工作,減輕對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的不利影響,現(xiàn)就有關事項通知如下:
 
  一、強化政治站位。各地要深入貫徹落實習近平總書記對春耕備耕工作的重要指示精神,貫徹落實全國春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)暨防災減災救災工作會議精神,充分認識“倒春寒”天氣防御工作的重要性,把“倒春寒”防范作為保障農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)增收的具體舉措,切實增強責任感和緊迫感,堅決克服麻痹思想和僥幸心理,加強組織領導,強化責任擔當,周密部署、積極應對,落實好防災減災措施,最大限度減輕“倒春寒”影響和損失。
 
  二、強化預警會商。各地要積極主動做好預警預報和防范應對工作,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門要密切關注天氣變化,及時與氣象部門溝通會商,分析“倒春寒”天氣對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)影響,提出針對性措施。要充分利用手機短信、廣播電視、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等靈活多樣的渠道,第一時間將“倒春寒”預警信息和防范措施傳達到縣鄉(xiāng)到農(nóng)村,通知到廣大農(nóng)戶和生產(chǎn)主體,提前做好防范準備,增強主動避災、科學防災意識。
 
  三、強化分區(qū)防范。各地要堅持預防為主,全面摸清本地“倒春寒”發(fā)生的時間、頻次和強度,結合果菜等作物開花、坐果時間,以縣為單位制定“倒春寒”防范方案,對于縣域地形、氣候條件復雜的縣(市、區(qū)),可一鄉(xiāng)一策、一村一策、一地一策、一主體(規(guī)模主體)一策,提高“倒春寒”防范精準性、及時性。
 
  四、強化分類施策。針對不同作物采取不同的“倒春寒”防范措施。對于果園,在霜凍來臨前2~3天,對樹體噴施防凍液(0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀+0.3%尿素或布蕓苔素等營養(yǎng)液),增強樹體對低溫的抗性;在霜凍來臨前一天下午或傍晚對樹體連續(xù)噴水,防止降溫過快;凍害來臨前利用鋸末、麥糠、碎秸稈或果園雜草落葉等交互堆積作燃料,在果園上風口處堆放后,上壓薄土層或使用發(fā)煙劑(2份硝銨,7份鋸末,1份柴油充分混合,用紙筒包裝,外加防潮膜),當氣溫低于-1℃開始點燃發(fā)煙,以暗火濃煙為宜,使煙霧彌漫整個果園,一般每畝果園4—6堆;有條件的地方可在果園上空使用大功率鼓風機攪動空氣,吹散凝集的冷空氣。針對蔬菜,設施蔬菜采取棚膜外加蓋草苫或無紡布,棚膜內(nèi)多層覆蓋等保溫措施,防止凍害;露地蔬菜可葉面噴施蔬菜防凍劑,田間加蓋小拱棚、鋪設地膜進行防寒。針對冬小麥,可在“倒春寒”來臨前,組織農(nóng)戶因地制宜追肥澆水,劃鋤鎮(zhèn)壓,噴施化控劑,調(diào)節(jié)近地面小氣候,減輕降溫對小麥植株的影響。
 
  五、強化指導服務。加強防“倒春寒”技術指導和服務,組織小麥、園藝、畜牧等有關專家和農(nóng)技人員深入生產(chǎn)一線開展技術指導,組織鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村干部動員農(nóng)戶落實熏煙、灌水等有效防措施。加強“倒春寒”后生產(chǎn)指導,組織農(nóng)戶對受凍果樹追施果樹專用肥或噴施 0.3%~0.5%尿素及其他肥料,加強養(yǎng)分管理,及時淺鋤松土促進根系生長,加強花果管理,做好人工授粉或蜜蜂、壁蜂授粉,及時防治病蟲害。對受凍蔬菜,合理追施速效肥、噴施葉面肥,增強植株耐寒抗凍能力,促進恢復生長,剪除受凍組織、防止次生病害發(fā)生。對受凍麥田,在氣溫開始回升后,結合澆水畝施尿素7.5-10公斤,或葉面噴施植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,促進小蘗趕大蘗、大蘗多成穗,精準防控小麥銹病、蚜蟲等病蟲。
 
  六、強化災情監(jiān)測。各地要強化調(diào)度值守,加強與各類生產(chǎn)主體聯(lián)系,及時掌握降溫對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響。主動收集、整理、核實倒春寒對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響和災情發(fā)生情況。一旦發(fā)生災情,要及時上報,立即采取應急措施。積極協(xié)調(diào)保險部門跟進、查勘、理賠,切實發(fā)揮好保險保障作用,努力減輕災害損失。寒潮過后要及時追施氮肥、噴施葉面肥和生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,減輕凍害影響。
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