山東省農機技術推廣站開展黃淮海地區(qū)夏玉米（大豆）播種質量監(jiān)測測產活動

2023-10-21 11:00:20 來源：山東省農機技術推廣站 閱讀量：13717 評論

　　【農機網(wǎng) 地方農機】10月7至12日，為貫徹落實農業(yè)農村部《關于進一步做好機械化播種質量提升工作通知》要求和農業(yè)農村部機械化管理司《關于組織開展黃淮海地區(qū)夏玉米(大豆)機械化播種作業(yè)質量對比監(jiān)測的函》(農機科〔2023〕50號)、山東省農業(yè)農村廳《關于開展夏玉米(大豆)機械化播種作業(yè)質量對比監(jiān)測等工作的通知》文件精神，山東省農業(yè)機械技術推廣站與山東理工大學組成專家技術指導組，聯(lián)合有關市及所屬縣(市區(qū))農機推廣部門、新型農業(yè)經(jīng)營主體，根據(jù)各地玉米成熟情況和作業(yè)條件，在商河、禹城、桓臺、寒亭、汶上5個縣(市區(qū))進行夏玉米(大豆)機械化播種質量監(jiān)測測產活動，獲取玉米、大豆產量第一手數(shù)據(jù)，為推動糧油作物大面積單產提升和減損機收提供技術與裝備支撐。
 
　　為加快推進高性能播種機示范推廣，我省將機械化播種質量監(jiān)測活動與本年度糧油綠色高質高效項目相結合，在5個縣試驗示范面積均超過1000畝。本次測產活動對采用勺輪式、指夾式和氣吸式播種機在(5±1)km/h、(7±1)km/h和(9±1)km/h作業(yè)速度下的對比試驗玉米(大豆)種植地塊(T1～T9)進行實收測產。玉米品種以登海系列為主，理論播量為4400～5000株/畝，大豆品種為齊黃34，理論播量12000株/畝。省農機技術推廣站組織有關專家按照部農機化總站和我省高產田測產辦法，對示范基地的對比試驗田進行隨機選點、現(xiàn)場采收、數(shù)畝株數(shù)、株粒數(shù)、脫粒、稱重、水分測定等環(huán)節(jié)進行測產，詳細記錄高性能播種機和傳統(tǒng)播種機在不同作業(yè)速度下產量數(shù)據(jù)，同時為種植大戶全程提供技術指導。
 
　　通過試驗數(shù)據(jù)結果對比分析，整體來看，不同地區(qū)和不同作業(yè)速度的氣吸式播種機和高性能指夾式播種機的出苗率、株距合格率以及苗高一致性、作業(yè)效率、實收產量等優(yōu)于勺輪式和傳統(tǒng)指夾式播種機。其中氣吸式播種機作業(yè)效率和畝產量均高于勺輪式和指夾式，作業(yè)效率最高為30.8畝/h，比勺輪式、指夾式播種機分別高43.2%、32.8%；玉米產量為853.73kg，比勺輪式、指夾式播種機作業(yè)地塊分別高7.74%、5.17%。
 
　　試驗證明，氣吸式播種機作業(yè)地塊的畝產量高于勺輪式和指夾式播種機，且產量穩(wěn)定，勺輪式適合低速作業(yè)，指夾式適合中速作業(yè)，氣吸式適合中高速作業(yè)。在玉米機械化生產上，建議加快推廣氣吸式和指夾式玉米播種機，進一步提高主要糧油作物機械化播種質量，促進單產量水平大面積提高。

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