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農(nóng)機備耕丨再提丘陵山區(qū)、大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植等機械化問題

2023-04-11 16:32:29 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：31477 評論

導(dǎo)讀：據(jù)悉，今年春耕期間我國將有超過2250萬臺（套）各型農(nóng)機裝備投入使用，為確保夏糧豐收和全年糧食穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)提供裝備支撐。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】進入四月份以來，吉林省各地抓住有利農(nóng)時，依靠機械、科技等措施，全面展開水稻播種育苗工作，為優(yōu)化糧食生產(chǎn)、發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)奠定堅實基礎(chǔ)。今年，吉林省計劃在水稻主產(chǎn)區(qū)繼續(xù)示范推廣生物防治水稻二化螟、水稻重大害蟲性信息素誘控和水稻重大病蟲飛防作業(yè)等綠色防控和統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治技術(shù)200萬畝以上，促進糧食穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)。
 
　　據(jù)悉，今年春耕期間我國將有超過2250萬臺（套）各型農(nóng)機裝備投入使用，為確保夏糧豐收和全年糧食穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)提供裝備支撐。
 
　　現(xiàn)今，農(nóng)業(yè)機械已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主力軍。與傳統(tǒng)人工作業(yè)相比，農(nóng)機作業(yè)效率高，能夠高效抵御自然災(zāi)害，搶抓農(nóng)時確保大面積農(nóng)田適時生產(chǎn)。通過提高全程機械化作業(yè)質(zhì)量，持續(xù)優(yōu)化裝備性能，深挖糧油作物增產(chǎn)潛力，大面積提升單產(chǎn)，同時減少用種量，降低收獲環(huán)節(jié)損失。
 
　　但當(dāng)前，我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化在不同區(qū)域、不同產(chǎn)業(yè)、不同品種、不同環(huán)節(jié)的發(fā)展還不平衡不充分，重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品機械化生產(chǎn)、重要農(nóng)時農(nóng)機作業(yè)服務(wù)等方面有的還跟不上，機器換人的空間還很大。比如，我國丘陵山區(qū)機械化水平很低，農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合不夠全面，雙季稻區(qū)水稻栽植、糧食烘干、甘蔗收獲、果茶采摘等機械化水平不高，傳統(tǒng)的間套作增產(chǎn)模式、大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植等機械化發(fā)展還有困難，畜牧水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平也不高等等。
 
　　對此，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化協(xié)會會長劉憲表示，要樹立大食物觀，緊盯各類食物生產(chǎn)裝備的短板薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，大力推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化全程全面和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，推進機械化由耕種收向產(chǎn)前產(chǎn)后延伸，由種植業(yè)向畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工業(yè)、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)拓展，由平原地區(qū)向丘陵山區(qū)進軍，提高農(nóng)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈機械化水平，提高落實大食物觀的機械化支撐能力，為保障糧食和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)提供裝備支撐。
 


        作為農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)制造和使用大國，我國農(nóng)機制造能力顯著提升，農(nóng)機裝備產(chǎn)品體系日益豐富，能生產(chǎn)4000多種農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品，但農(nóng)機裝備大而不強、多而不優(yōu)，部分關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、核心零部件、材料受制于人，部分高端機具主要依賴進口，一些地區(qū)裝備供需矛盾還比較突出。

　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，要瞄準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求精準(zhǔn)補上農(nóng)機裝備短板。推動突破丘陵山區(qū)、設(shè)施種養(yǎng)、大型高端智能裝備等整機和關(guān)鍵零部件核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)，國產(chǎn)240馬力無級變速拖拉機、采棉機、油菜移栽機等一批短板機具成功量產(chǎn)。堅持研發(fā)制造和推廣應(yīng)用兩端發(fā)力，推動研產(chǎn)推用全鏈協(xié)同，加力推進農(nóng)機裝備補短板，加快農(nóng)機裝備自立自強。
 
　　近年來，我國農(nóng)機裝備信息化智能化顯著提升，有力提升了農(nóng)機作業(yè)服務(wù)質(zhì)量和作業(yè)效率。但總體上看，農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器、智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)終端等一些關(guān)鍵部件和基礎(chǔ)軟件技術(shù)對外依存度高，數(shù)據(jù)碎片化、“系統(tǒng)孤島”現(xiàn)象還比較普遍，智能農(nóng)機裝備鑒定檢測能力存在短板弱項。劉憲表示，要加快推進農(nóng)機信息化智能化，推動智能農(nóng)機裝備技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，加快智能化裝備技術(shù)示范運用，推進農(nóng)機化管理工作數(shù)字化，為智慧農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供重要支撐。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、經(jīng)濟日報。

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