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《“十四五”規(guī)劃》：看“數(shù)字廣東”如何加快農(nóng)機智能化發(fā)展

2022-04-15 13:43:22 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：40481 評論

導讀：今年春耕，各地正充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)機械化在春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要作用。發(fā)揮智能化、無人機等突出優(yōu)勢，加快推進“機器換人”，解決勞動力不足問題。今年春耕期間，廣東省預計投入各類農(nóng)機裝備超過100萬臺.

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平與科技化的農(nóng)業(yè)機械設備相輔相成、息息相關。據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)的《“十四五”全國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》指出，到2025年，農(nóng)機對農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展支撐明顯增強，機械化與信息化、智能化進一步融合，農(nóng)業(yè)機械化防災減災能力顯著增強，農(nóng)機數(shù)據(jù)安全和農(nóng)機安全生產(chǎn)進一步強化。

　　今年春耕，各地正充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)機械化在春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要作用。發(fā)揮智能化、無人機等突出優(yōu)勢，加快推進“機器換人”，解決勞動力不足問題。今年春耕期間，廣東省預計投入各類農(nóng)機裝備超過100萬臺。《廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化“十四五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2021-2025年)》中提出要加快推動農(nóng)機裝備智能化發(fā)展，具體規(guī)劃如下：
 
　　加快智能農(nóng)機裝備關鍵技術裝備研發(fā)——
 
　　智能農(nóng)機裝備關鍵技術主要包括智能感知、自動導航、精準作業(yè)和智能管理四個方面。在智能感知方面，重點突破“星-機-地”(“星”-衛(wèi)星、“機”-有人駕駛或無人駕駛的農(nóng)機、“地”-地面觀測儀器)，獲取農(nóng)機作業(yè)環(huán)境、作業(yè)對象和作業(yè)機具的相關信息，包括土壤信息、作物長勢信息和作物病蟲草害信息的關鍵技術。開發(fā)集多種參數(shù)感知于一體的多用途小型傳感器和多種傳感器獲取的信息的融合技術。
 
　　在自動導航方面，重點突破水田、坡地等復雜地形地況環(huán)境的路徑規(guī)劃和導航控制，導航與作業(yè)集成控制技術，多機協(xié)同的自動導航與控制技術。在精準作業(yè)方面，重點突破精準耕整、精準種植、精準管理和精準收獲等關鍵技術。在智能管理方面，重點突破遠程監(jiān)控農(nóng)機作業(yè)位置、作業(yè)進度和作業(yè)質量，遠程監(jiān)控農(nóng)機作業(yè)狀況，故障預警和維修指導，農(nóng)機遠程調度等關鍵技術。
 
　　推進智能農(nóng)機裝備技術的應用示范——
 
　　根據(jù)“因地制宜”的原則，在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不同領域的相關環(huán)節(jié)，大力推進智能農(nóng)機裝備的應用示范，如在種植業(yè)中，通過無人農(nóng)場/智慧農(nóng)場的建設，大力推進耕種管收和秸稈綜合利用收儲運加工環(huán)節(jié)的智能農(nóng)機裝備的應用示范，特別是智能種植和智能收獲機與裝備；在養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中，通過智慧豬場、智慧雞場和智慧漁場等的建設，大力推進疾病防控、環(huán)境調控、智能飼喂和糞污處理等智能農(nóng)機裝備的應用；在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工中，大力推進品質監(jiān)測分級、貯藏保鮮、產(chǎn)品初加工和副產(chǎn)物綜合利用的智能農(nóng)機裝備。為大力推進智能農(nóng)機裝備的應用示范，做好頂層設計，分產(chǎn)業(yè)分地區(qū)建設一批智能農(nóng)機裝備示范基地，將其納入省級農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園建設規(guī)劃中，同時，提高智能農(nóng)機裝備的購機補貼力度。
 
　　強化農(nóng)機裝備數(shù)字化管理——
 
　　按照“數(shù)字廣東”的要求，充分發(fā)揮粵港澳大灣區(qū)信息技術的優(yōu)勢，加強農(nóng)機裝備的信息化建設，構建綜合管理平臺，拓展應用功能，包括農(nóng)機管理功能，如農(nóng)機數(shù)量、質量和布局，安全監(jiān)理，試驗鑒定和購機補貼等；農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)功能，如農(nóng)機作業(yè)位置和質量實時監(jiān)控，農(nóng)機遠程調度和維修指導等。推廣應用手機APP。農(nóng)機信息化建設重心要下移，要為各種新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體和農(nóng)機社會化服務組織適時提供各種信息，特別是在重要農(nóng)時，做到有作業(yè)需求時可以隨時找到農(nóng)機裝備，有農(nóng)機裝備的服務組織可以隨時找到用戶。通過信息化建設，提高農(nóng)機裝備的利用率。
 
　　專欄：智能農(nóng)機示范應用工程
 
　　·加強智能農(nóng)機裝備關鍵技術研發(fā)，突破智能感知、自動導航、精準作業(yè)和智能管理的關鍵技術。
 
　　·開展智能農(nóng)機示范基地建設：在省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)等，引導建設50個大田精準作業(yè)、畜禽水產(chǎn)智慧養(yǎng)殖、設施農(nóng)業(yè)智能化、果菜茶藥智能化生產(chǎn)示范基地。推進智慧農(nóng)場、智慧漁場建設，引導培育10個粵港澳大灣區(qū)智慧農(nóng)場。推廣應用加裝北斗終端的農(nóng)業(yè)機械不少于2萬臺。
 
　　·建設農(nóng)機大數(shù)據(jù)平臺：推進農(nóng)機大數(shù)據(jù)平臺建設，構建全省的農(nóng)機化管理服務系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)機試驗鑒定、安全監(jiān)理、技術推廣、運用指導、質量監(jiān)督、農(nóng)機作業(yè)、發(fā)展監(jiān)測和基礎信息管理服務系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)互通。
 
     《廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化“十四五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2021-2025年)》相關閱讀：
 
       廣東?。貉a齊丘陵山區(qū)機械化短板的具體舉措
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部網(wǎng)站。

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下一篇： 春耕當前，山東省多地積極推進農(nóng)機購置補貼工作

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