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疫情對農(nóng)機運輸量影響的調(diào)研報告

2022-04-11 08:56:55 來源：中國農(nóng)機工業(yè)協(xié)會 閱讀量：12144 評論

導讀：自3月中旬以來，隨著各地疫情防控措施均在加強，對貨運物流管理也在強化，也帶來了農(nóng)機物流運輸?shù)乃俣认陆?，物流周期延長，物流成本上升等問題。部分地區(qū)由于疫情嚴重，甚至出現(xiàn)農(nóng)機運輸暫時無法到達的現(xiàn)象。所有這些給農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、農(nóng)機戶以及春耕生產(chǎn)帶來了很大的影響。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 自3月中旬以來，隨著各地疫情防控措施均在加強，對貨運物流管理也在強化，也帶來了農(nóng)機物流運輸?shù)乃俣认陆?，物流周期延長，物流成本上升等問題。部分地區(qū)由于疫情嚴重，甚至出現(xiàn)農(nóng)機運輸暫時無法到達的現(xiàn)象。所有這些給農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、農(nóng)機戶以及春耕生產(chǎn)帶來了很大的影響。為此，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械工業(yè)協(xié)會專門就農(nóng)機運輸問題面向全行業(yè)進行了問卷調(diào)查，174家農(nóng)機企業(yè)參與了調(diào)研。
 
　　根據(jù)調(diào)查問卷，目前農(nóng)機整機及零部件物流方面碰到的具體問題主要如下：
 
　　1、發(fā)貨地發(fā)貨速度下降：一些企業(yè)在疫情防控區(qū)，按疫情防控的要求和手續(xù)辦理、現(xiàn)場管理等，變得非常嚴格，且規(guī)定變化較快，提、發(fā)貨速度大大下降。
 
　　2、高速公路出口被封，帶來擁堵：提貨后送貨途中，因各地疫情防控要求，導致很多地區(qū)的高速公路出口被封，車輛下不去，高速公路上長距離擁堵，提貨司機只能在高速服務區(qū)等待，一般都要等待1天時間，甚至有的地方長達3天時間。
 
3、目的地貨物送達困難：貨物送達各目的地的疫情防控管理要求，很多地區(qū)也變的非常嚴格，且規(guī)定變化較快，特別是向縣級發(fā)貨困難。很多地區(qū)的基本要求是：48小時核酸陰性證明，行程碼不帶星，健康碼綠色，貨主到社區(qū)開證明去高速公路口接貨。甚至部分地區(qū)強制不讓外地車輛進入，不讓車輛下高速，導致貨物無法直接送到目的地，需要多次改路線。比如黑龍江農(nóng)墾地區(qū)、吉林省長春市地區(qū)、吉林市地區(qū)等。有些地區(qū)，對于外地來的司機卸完貨物后直接隔離，如江蘇省如皋市、湖南省江華縣等。 
 

 

圖1 對農(nóng)機運輸量影響的主要因素
 
　　上述問題具體影響如下：
 
1、物流車輛減少：由于有司機被隔離，以及司機擔心被隔離而不愿意運輸，導致現(xiàn)在提貨車輛大幅減少，提貨車輛相當難找。近50%的受訪企業(yè)認為因提貨車輛減少而導致的運輸量影響幅度降低達50%以上。 
 

 

圖2對運輸量的影響幅度
 
2、物流時間延長：60%的受訪企業(yè)反饋物流時間較以前延長1-3天，以前近距離一般1-2天的物流時間，現(xiàn)在找物流車就要提前3-4天，路上物流時間也會延長1-2天。 
 

 

圖3對運輸路途時間的影響幅度
 
　　3、物流成本上升：60%的受訪企業(yè)預估物流成本平均上升10-40%，同時有些地區(qū)因疫情防控，還臨時增加了短途轉(zhuǎn)運，物流成本上升更多。
 

 

 
 圖4對運輸成本的影響幅度
 
　　調(diào)研中， 93%的受訪企業(yè)希望政府頒發(fā)支農(nóng)特別通行證，以保障春耕生產(chǎn)，支持農(nóng)戶農(nóng)機使用及給企業(yè)減負。
 
 

 

圖5疫情管控的農(nóng)機運輸方面的政策建議
 
　　根據(jù)調(diào)研反饋的情況，我協(xié)會已整理形成《關于開通農(nóng)機運輸車輛綠色通道的建議》分別呈報給農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、工業(yè)和信息化部和交通運輸部，希望政府協(xié)調(diào)相關部門，對農(nóng)機運輸?shù)能囕v給予綠色通道，發(fā)放支農(nóng)特別通行證，以達到農(nóng)機運輸?shù)臅惩ǎ_保春耕生產(chǎn)。

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