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【今日冬至】天氣進(jìn)入嚴(yán)寒階段，田間農(nóng)事要重視

2021-12-21 10:53:21 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：31428 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：是二十四節(jié)氣中一個(gè)重要的節(jié)氣，中國(guó)古代有“冬至大如年”的說(shuō)法。冬至標(biāo)志著即將進(jìn)入寒冷時(shí)節(jié)，民間由此開始“數(shù)九”計(jì)算寒天。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 今天是冬至，是二十四節(jié)氣中一個(gè)重要的節(jié)氣，中國(guó)古代有“冬至大如年”的說(shuō)法。冬至標(biāo)志著即將進(jìn)入寒冷時(shí)節(jié)，民間由此開始“數(shù)九”計(jì)算寒天。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)方面，通常冬至前后是興修水利、大搞農(nóng)田基本建設(shè)、積肥造肥的良好時(shí)機(jī)，并要施好臘肥，做好防凍工作。
 
　　田間農(nóng)事
 
　　冬至節(jié)氣以后，氣候已進(jìn)入嚴(yán)寒時(shí)期。大部分地區(qū)溫度降到10度左右，并有霜凍出現(xiàn)。該月是冬種作物田間管理的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。
 
　　1、管好小麥。促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)根葉、多分葉的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，應(yīng)適時(shí)給麥苗追施一次速效肥料，以利分葉早生，增加有效分葉數(shù)，為高產(chǎn)搭好豐產(chǎn)苗架。小麥苗期生長(zhǎng)逢冬旱季節(jié)，遇旱要溝灌“跑馬水”。
 
　　2、油菜移栽和早栽油菜的前期田管均要求“精細(xì)”二字，特別是甘藍(lán)型油菜需肥量大，應(yīng)施足基肥，早施硼肥和鉀肥，以促冬發(fā)穩(wěn)長(zhǎng)，增加冬前綠葉數(shù)和年后第一分枝數(shù)。
 
　　3、小麥、油菜中耕松土、重施臘肥、澆泥漿水、清溝理墑、培土壅根。
 
　　4、稻板茬棉田和棉花、玉米苗床冬翻，熟化土層。
 
　　5、冬閑田翻犁曬白，清除田耪、田埂及田邊雜草，消滅越冬病蟲、病源。
 
　　6、綠肥田除草，并注意培土壅根，防凍保苗。
 
　　蔬菜管理
 
　　當(dāng)前正值大棚番茄定植、茄果類、瓜類蔬菜播種育苗的關(guān)鍵期，對(duì)當(dāng)前蔬菜生產(chǎn)要強(qiáng)化管理。
 

 

　　1、要科學(xué)播種育壯苗 播種時(shí)，應(yīng)避開陰冷天氣，搶晴天在大棚內(nèi)采用電熱絲等加溫設(shè)施和控溫儀，增加苗床地溫、催芽等措施，提高出苗率;播種后，要及時(shí)搭建小拱棚、加蓋無(wú)紡布保溫增溫，提高成苗率，培育壯苗。即將定植的大棚早熟栽培番茄、茄子等秧苗，選溫度較高的晴天及時(shí)移栽，澆好定根水，灌根防病，搭內(nèi)棚保溫促成活發(fā)根。
 
　　2、要合理調(diào)控棚內(nèi)溫濕度與光照 早晚關(guān)閉大棚，加蓋覆蓋物，檢查棚膜破漏，防止冷空氣進(jìn)入棚內(nèi)。要采取多層覆蓋，在棚內(nèi)搭建塑料中棚或小棚，并可覆蓋無(wú)紡布、遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)等保溫，遇強(qiáng)冷空氣冰凍天氣要采取點(diǎn)蠟燭、燃香等應(yīng)急加溫防凍措施。同時(shí)在棚內(nèi)畦間鋪設(shè)干稻草，注意適期通風(fēng)，降低棚內(nèi)濕度，下午及早關(guān)棚，蓋好棚內(nèi)各種覆蓋物，保證蔬菜的正常生長(zhǎng)。
 
　　3、要加強(qiáng)田間生產(chǎn)管理 天氣變冷后，應(yīng)適當(dāng)控肥控水，不隨意施用過(guò)多的化學(xué)肥料尤其是氮肥，防止植株徒長(zhǎng)及萎根。追肥灌水應(yīng)選晴天中午進(jìn)行，建議采用膜下滴灌與肥水一體化技術(shù)，根據(jù)不同生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育階段追施不同配比的水溶性肥料。合理應(yīng)用植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑?；ū９?，綜合防治病蟲害，選晴天做好整枝、理蔓、打葉、疏花疏果等工作。遇連續(xù)陰雨、下雪和低溫天氣，棚內(nèi)濕度較大時(shí)，要注意噴藥防治疫病、灰霉病等病害，減少損失。
 
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