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加大畜禽糞污資源化利用及秸稈綜合利用力度，十部門發(fā)文推動(dòng)清潔生產(chǎn)

2021-11-15 14:41:22 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34885 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：采用科學(xué)的化肥、農(nóng)藥施用方式，節(jié)水灌溉模式，畜禽養(yǎng)殖抗菌藥的減量，以及農(nóng)業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)廢棄物的回收和資源化，一方面可大幅度減少農(nóng)業(yè)污染物的產(chǎn)生，減輕農(nóng)業(yè)污染的后處理難度；另一方面在農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化方面開展工作，避免農(nóng)膜、秸稈等廢棄物的長期堆積造成難以解決的歷史遺留問題。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 推行清潔生產(chǎn)是貫徹落實(shí)節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境基本國策的重要舉措，是實(shí)現(xiàn)減污降碳協(xié)同增效的重要手段，是加快形成綠色生產(chǎn)方式、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的有效途徑。近日，國家發(fā)改委等10部門印發(fā)了《“十四五”全國清潔生產(chǎn)推行方案》。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，農(nóng)業(yè)的種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等面源污染問題不可小覷。根據(jù)“十三五”時(shí)期對(duì)長江流域總磷污染的調(diào)查，中下游地區(qū)總磷污染50%以上來自面源即農(nóng)業(yè)源，農(nóng)用化肥的過度施用、養(yǎng)殖抗生素添加劑的不合理使用、以及養(yǎng)殖糞污未能有效處理，均導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題，因此農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域清潔生產(chǎn)工作也將成為“十四五”時(shí)期的一項(xiàng)重要工作。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入品的減量，采用科學(xué)的化肥、農(nóng)藥施用方式，節(jié)水灌溉模式，畜禽養(yǎng)殖抗菌藥的減量，以及農(nóng)業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)廢棄物的回收和資源化，一方面可大幅度減少農(nóng)業(yè)污染物的產(chǎn)生，減輕農(nóng)業(yè)污染的后處理難度；另一方面在農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化方面開展工作，避免農(nóng)膜、秸稈等廢棄物的長期堆積造成難以解決的歷史遺留問題。
 

　　《“十四五”全國清潔生產(chǎn)推行方案》提出推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入品減量、提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程清潔化水平和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用等三個(gè)方面來推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)。
 
　　方案指出，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)投入品生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營、使用等各環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)督管理，科學(xué)、高效地使用農(nóng)藥、化肥、農(nóng)用薄膜和飼料添加劑，消除有害物質(zhì)的流失和殘留，減少農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料的投入。組織農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)大縣大市開展果菜茶病蟲全程綠色防控試點(diǎn)，不斷提高主要農(nóng)作物病蟲綠色防控覆蓋率。
 
　　改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，形成高效、清潔的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式。嚴(yán)格灌溉取水計(jì)劃管理，大力發(fā)展旱作農(nóng)業(yè)，全面推廣節(jié)水技術(shù)，不斷提高農(nóng)業(yè)用水效率。深化測土配方施肥，推廣水稻側(cè)深施肥等高效施肥方式。全面推廣健康養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)，推動(dòng)獸用抗菌藥使用減量。加快構(gòu)建種植業(yè)、畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)技術(shù)體系，大力推廣種養(yǎng)加一體化發(fā)展模式。
 
　　完善秸稈收儲(chǔ)運(yùn)服務(wù)體系，積極推動(dòng)秸稈綜合利用。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)膜管理，推廣普及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地膜，推動(dòng)機(jī)械化撿拾、專業(yè)化回收和資源化利用，有效防治農(nóng)田白色污染。因地制宜采取堆漚腐熟還田、生產(chǎn)有機(jī)肥、生產(chǎn)沼氣和生物天然氣等方式，加大畜禽糞污資源化利用力度。在糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)、畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖優(yōu)勢區(qū)、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)重點(diǎn)區(qū)和特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)區(qū)等農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源豐富區(qū)域，以及洞庭湖、丹江口水庫、太湖、烏梁素海等重點(diǎn)流域湖泊水庫周邊區(qū)域，深入推行農(nóng)業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)，形成一批可推廣、可復(fù)制的典型案例。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)提升工程包括：
 
　　實(shí)施節(jié)水灌溉。以糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱區(qū)、水資源開發(fā)過度區(qū)等地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)高效節(jié)水灌溉工程建設(shè)。
 
　　化肥減量替代。集成推廣測土配方施肥、水肥一體化、化肥機(jī)械深施、增施有機(jī)肥等技術(shù)。在糧食和蔬菜主產(chǎn)區(qū)重點(diǎn)推廣堆肥還田、商品有機(jī)肥使用、沼渣沼液還田等技術(shù)模式。
 
　　農(nóng)藥減量增效。支持一批有條件的縣，重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)綠色防控，推廣物理、生物等農(nóng)藥減量技術(shù)模式。實(shí)施農(nóng)作物病蟲害統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治，培育一批社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織和專業(yè)合作社。
 
　　秸稈綜合利用。堅(jiān)持整縣推進(jìn)、農(nóng)用優(yōu)先，發(fā)揮秸稈還田耕地保育功能、秸稈飼料種養(yǎng)結(jié)合功能、秸稈燃料節(jié)能減排功能。
 
　　農(nóng)膜回收處理。以西北地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，支持一批用膜大縣推進(jìn)農(nóng)膜回收處理，探索農(nóng)膜回收利用有效機(jī)制。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：國家發(fā)改委。

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