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河北省下發(fā)緊急通知，切實抓好秋收秋種工作

2021-10-08 10:33:11 來源：農機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：37478 評論

導讀： 今年入汛以來，河北省大部分地區(qū)降水偏多、積溫和光照較常年偏少，導致農作物生育期普遍推遲，特別是9月中旬以來，河北省持續(xù)出現(xiàn)降水天氣過程，目前中南部地區(qū)土壤水分已經(jīng)飽和，局部地區(qū)發(fā)生內澇，出現(xiàn)農田積水，給秋收秋種帶來很大困難。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 地方農機】 今年入汛以來，河北省大部分地區(qū)降水偏多、積溫和光照較常年偏少，導致農作物生育期普遍推遲，特別是9月中旬以來，河北省持續(xù)出現(xiàn)降水天氣過程，目前中南部地區(qū)土壤水分已經(jīng)飽和，局部地區(qū)發(fā)生內澇，出現(xiàn)農田積水，給秋收秋種帶來很大困難。為加快秋收秋種進度，確保秋糧顆粒歸倉，切實穩(wěn)定冬小麥播種面積，近日河北省農業(yè)農村廳印發(fā)了《關于切實抓好秋收秋種工作的緊急通知》(以下簡稱《通知》)。
 
　　《通知》指出，秋收秋種進入關鍵時期，如何把豐收的秋糧收獲到手、把冬小麥種足種好，是當前農業(yè)最緊迫、最重要的工作?！锻ㄖ芬笕「骷夀r業(yè)農村部門實行包縣、包鄉(xiāng)、包村責任制，指導農民群眾搶收搶種，幫助他們解決實際困難和問題，落實關鍵措施，確保秋糧應收盡收、顆粒歸倉，確保冬小麥應種盡種、面積穩(wěn)定。
 
　　秋糧收獲方面，《通知》指出，各地要全面摸清秋糧面積、成熟情況、土壤墑情、積水情況、收獲機具數(shù)量等底數(shù)，進一步細化搶收方案，分類采取措施，加快收獲進度。對于地勢較高或沙壤土地塊，要密切關注天氣過程，抓住晴天的有利時機，發(fā)揮農機優(yōu)勢，全力組織搶收；對于土壤過濕地塊，由于傳統(tǒng)收獲機無法進地作業(yè)，在積極引進履帶式玉米收獲機同時，農機部門要組織專家和農機合作社、農機大戶、農機企業(yè)等在確保安全的前提下對現(xiàn)有農機進行改造，通過增大輪胎(履帶)接地面積，減少壓強，使收獲機能在潮濕、泥濘地面正常行走作業(yè)，加快搶收，及早騰茬；對于積水嚴重的地塊，一方面抓緊組織疏通溝渠、使用抽水泵抽水等措施搶排積水，降低田間水位和土壤含水量，促進耕地散墑，為秋收秋種創(chuàng)造有利條件，另一方面抓緊組織人工搶收，確保顆粒歸倉。同時，要指導農戶邊收獲邊晾曬，有條件的地方進行烘干處理，防止霉變發(fā)芽。
 
　　冬小麥播種面積方面，按照中央和省要求糧食安全實行黨政同責，糧食面積是約束性指標，各市、縣要將冬小麥播種任務分解落實到縣、到鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))、到村、到田塊，要確保播種面積不低于上年。要通過政策明白紙、微信公眾號、手機短視頻等方式，加強政策宣傳，引導農民群眾抓住今年小麥價格高、種植效益好的有利時機，多種種好冬小麥，千方百計穩(wěn)定種植面積。承擔旱作雨養(yǎng)種植任務的地區(qū)，要統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調好節(jié)水壓采和穩(wěn)糧的關系，既要完成關停機井、減少灌溉用水的任務，又要督促和指導農民群眾充分利用今年土壤墑情好的優(yōu)勢，積極發(fā)展旱作小麥，不能因實施旱作雨養(yǎng)項目，而減少小麥面積，如果一個縣范圍內某個鄉(xiāng)或某個村減少了小麥面積，就要在其他鄉(xiāng)或村増加小麥面積，每個縣都要確保小麥面積與上年相比不減少。對目前仍有積水地塊，要組織專家逐個地塊進行分析研判，排水散墑后具備播種條件的，要抓緊進行搶種。有些地塊播種期可能要推遲到10月底甚至更晚，要幫助指導農民群眾采取晚播配套技術措施，確保播上種，力爭少受影響。各地要做好小麥種子余缺調劑，確保播種需要。
 
　　《通知》要求，各級農業(yè)農村部門要充分利用微信、網(wǎng)絡、農村大喇叭廣播等各種媒介，宣傳小麥播種技術措施，指導農民科學選擇適合當?shù)氐母弋a(chǎn)節(jié)水、優(yōu)質專用、抗逆性強的品種。大力推廣深松、旋耕、分層施肥一體化精細整地技術，提高作業(yè)效率，打好高質量播種基礎。對于積水農田，要抓緊調整土壤墑情，盡量在適耕期內整地。對于黏重土壤要注意耕翻“寧晚勿爛”，避免影響小麥正常出苗。病蟲草害發(fā)生較重地塊，鼓勵進行深翻作業(yè)，降低病蟲草基數(shù)。堅持實施玉米秸稈還田，有條件的地方可利用畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源增施有機肥，提高耕層有機質含量。要按照地力、播期、品種、播量相配套的原則，確定合理播種量，配套適宜機械，做到適量播種。晚播地塊要適當加大播量，保證充足的基本苗。適墑播種地塊，要大力推廣播后鎮(zhèn)壓技術，増強種子與土壤的密接程度，提高抗旱抗寒能力。土壤濕度較大的地塊，播種后墑情適宜時再鎮(zhèn)壓，要掌握壓干不壓濕，防止出現(xiàn)因鎮(zhèn)壓導致的土壤板結，影響出苗質量。
 
　　本文由農機網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：河北省農業(yè)農村廳。

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