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世界糧食日:揭秘“大國糧倉”的目標(biāo)與責(zé)任

2019-10-17 16:59:19 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:48036 評論

導(dǎo)讀:俗話說“民以食為天”,糧食在整個國民經(jīng)濟中始終占據(jù)著不可替代的基礎(chǔ)地位,溫飽問題一度成為困擾中國人民的頭等大事和緊迫的任務(wù)。每年的10月16日是世界糧食日(World Food Day,縮寫為WFD),這是世界各國政府圍繞發(fā)展糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)舉行紀念活動的日子,宗旨在于喚起*對發(fā)展糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的高度重視。今年已經(jīng)是第39個世界糧食日。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】俗話說“民以食為天”,糧食在整個國民經(jīng)濟中始終占據(jù)著不可替代的基礎(chǔ)地位,溫飽問題一度成為困擾中國人民的頭等大事和緊迫的任務(wù)。每年的10月16日是世界糧食日(World Food Day,縮寫為WFD),這是世界各國政府圍繞發(fā)展糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)舉行紀念活動的日子,宗旨在于喚起*對發(fā)展糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的高度重視。今年已經(jīng)是第39個世界糧食日。
 

        再次呼吁關(guān)注“海水稻”,糧食安全拓展新領(lǐng)域
 
  在世界糧食日當(dāng)天,#袁隆平再呼吁關(guān)注海水稻#的話題再上熱搜。15日,袁隆平通過視頻邀請大家嘗鮮海水稻,并立下一個小目標(biāo):耐鹽堿水稻10年內(nèi)發(fā)展1億畝,可以多養(yǎng)活8000萬人口。袁隆平說:“每公頃增產(chǎn)2噸,可以增產(chǎn)1億六千萬噸稻谷,可以多養(yǎng)活5億人口,這是我的夢想。”
 
  日前,《中國的糧食安全》白皮書發(fā)布,指出中國人口占世界的近1/5,糧食產(chǎn)量約占世界的1/4,實現(xiàn)了由“吃不飽”到“吃得飽”,并且“吃得好”的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。但事實上,我國的耕地面積卻不足世界的10%,人均耕地只有1.37畝,讓更多的土地種上更多的糧食一直是人們的夢想。在此背景下,“海水稻”的出現(xiàn)對我國糧食安全具有重要意義。
 
  近年來,中國工程院院士袁隆平帶領(lǐng)研發(fā)團隊在我國多地試驗種植耐鹽堿水稻,為我國大面積鹽堿地篩選優(yōu)勢海水稻品種。今年,海水稻種植測試面積將從1萬畝擴大至近2萬畝,在耕地資源有限的前提下,將鹽堿地資源進行有效利用,為我國糧食安全拓展出新領(lǐng)域。
 
  加強高標(biāo)準農(nóng)田建設(shè),夯實農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)
 
  通過實施全國高標(biāo)準農(nóng)田建設(shè)總體規(guī)劃,大規(guī)模推進高標(biāo)準農(nóng)田建設(shè),夯實糧食生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ),促進高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、旱澇保收、生態(tài)友好。近年來,中央各部門通過中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資中新增千億斤糧食工程、農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)、農(nóng)田整治、農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)等項目渠道支持高標(biāo)準農(nóng)田建設(shè),改善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基本條件。中央和地方財政每年投入1000多億元,截至2018年,全國已建成高標(biāo)準農(nóng)田6.42億畝。
 
  為規(guī)范農(nóng)田建設(shè)項目管理,確保項目建設(shè)質(zhì)量,實現(xiàn)項目預(yù)期目標(biāo),此前,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部還印發(fā)了《農(nóng)田建設(shè)項目管理辦法》,并于今年10月1日起施行。《辦法》的出臺,進一步推動了統(tǒng)一規(guī)范農(nóng)田建設(shè)工作,構(gòu)建農(nóng)田建設(shè)管理制度體系,推進農(nóng)田治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),從而提高糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力。
 
  加強耕地質(zhì)量保護,提高糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力
 
  耕地是我國寶貴的資源,統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明,我國耕地、高產(chǎn)田僅占耕地總量的30%;2億畝耕地后備資源中,適宜開墾的僅占40%左右;耕地資源整體呈現(xiàn)出“人均耕地少,耕地少,耕地后備資源少”的特點。
 
  中央財政每年安排耕地地力保護補貼資金1200多億元,以擁有耕地承包權(quán)的種地農(nóng)民為補助對象,鼓勵各地創(chuàng)新方式方法,以綠色生態(tài)為導(dǎo)向,提高農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用水平,引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民綜合采取秸稈還田、深松整地、減少化肥農(nóng)藥用量、施用有機肥等措施,切實加強農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)資源保護,自覺提升耕地地力。同時,中央財政通過農(nóng)業(yè)資源及生態(tài)保護補助資金,支持耕地質(zhì)量提升、東北黑土地保護利用以及農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用。
 
  各種秸稈還田機將秸稈粉碎后拋撒覆蓋在地表,然后利用復(fù)式播種機直接播種,或在利用機械將粉碎后的秸稈和根茬一起埋入土壤中,增加土壤有機質(zhì),改良土壤結(jié)構(gòu),使土壤疏松,孔隙度增加,容量減輕,促進微生物活力和作物根系的發(fā)育。
 
  戰(zhàn)略舉措:建立糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區(qū)
 
  建立糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區(qū)是實施“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略的重要舉措,將糧食和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力細化落實到具體地塊,進一步優(yōu)化區(qū)域布局和要素組合,促進農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量效益和市場競爭力。
 
  按照《國務(wù)院關(guān)于建立糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區(qū)的指導(dǎo)意見》的部署和要求,今年年底前將全部完成10.58億畝的劃定任務(wù),其中糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)9億畝。
 
  結(jié)語:70年來,我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展從1949年的糧食產(chǎn)量僅有2264億斤,先后邁過11個千億斤臺階,現(xiàn)在已連續(xù)4年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上。今年糧食有望繼續(xù)保持連年豐收的好形勢,據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部15日數(shù)據(jù),目前秋糧已收獲近7成,增產(chǎn)趨勢明顯。全國秋糧已收獲8.6億畝,完成66.8%,進度同比持平。
 
  這份成績來之不易,從抵御局部旱澇災(zāi)害到草地貪夜蛾防控,從農(nóng)業(yè)機械大力推廣到化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長行動深入開展,從農(nóng)機合作社等社會化服務(wù)主體不斷壯大到大數(shù)據(jù)、智能制造等高新科技在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域不應(yīng)用,我國正從糧食生產(chǎn)大國向糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)強國邁進,將我們中國人的飯碗牢牢地端在自己手上。
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