今日要聞

4月1日生效！新版《農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》全面解讀

2019-03-29 16:42:16 來源：中國農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：52122 評論

導讀：日前，農業(yè)農村部發(fā)布了新制修訂的《農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》等4項農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定通則和《農業(yè)輪式和履帶拖拉機》等153項農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱，并將于4月1日起實施。同時，廢止《踏板式噴霧器》等4項農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱。

　　【中國農機網 政策導讀】日前，農業(yè)農村部發(fā)布了新制修訂的《農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》等4項農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定通則和《農業(yè)輪式和履帶拖拉機》等153項農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱，并將于4月1日起實施。同時，廢止《踏板式噴霧器》等4項農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱。
 
　　為便于農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定機構和生產企業(yè)使用，新大綱在農業(yè)農村部網絡平臺全文公開。
 
　　《農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》(TZ 1—2019)經專家審定通過，是對TZ 1—2016《農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》的修訂，自實施之日起代替TZ 1—2016。本規(guī)則由農業(yè)農村部農業(yè)機械化管理司提出，農業(yè)農村部農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定總站技術歸口，農業(yè)農村部農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定總站起草。
 
　　農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定通則和農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱內容
 
　　不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，新大綱增加了有效供給，進一步促進現(xiàn)代農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展，新制定畜禽糞污資源化利用等機具的大綱71個，加速農業(yè)農村生產急需的節(jié)本、綠色環(huán)保、智能安全農業(yè)機械廣應用，促進綠色農機化技術創(chuàng)新和推廣應用，為實施農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展提供了物質技術裝備支撐。
 
　　擴大了涵蓋范圍。針對農業(yè)機械化全程全面高質發(fā)展以及農業(yè)生產要求，充分考慮到農業(yè)機械化新技術推廣需要，部分大綱將一些采用新技術的農業(yè)機械產品和復式作業(yè)機具納入范圍，加快先進適用、智能機具鑒定步伐。
 
　　《農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》變化
 
　　農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱是規(guī)定農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定的鑒定內容、試驗條件、試驗方法和判定規(guī)則等內容，經農業(yè)農村部批準，作為農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定依據的文件。
 
　　大綱中指出了農機產品在鑒定時應當具有安全性，即在規(guī)定的使用條件下，農業(yè)機械產品具有保護人、機器、環(huán)境和農產品品質等安全的能力；適用性，農業(yè)機械產品在當地自然條件、作物品種、農作制度條件下，具有保持規(guī)定特性和滿足當地農業(yè)生產要求的能力；可靠性，農業(yè)機械產品在規(guī)定的條件和規(guī)定的時間(或作業(yè)量)內，具有保持規(guī)定功能和特性的能力；產品一致性，制造商所生產和銷售的獲證產品與初次鑒定的樣機保持一致的程度，初次鑒定時，一致性是指樣機與企業(yè)產品執(zhí)行標準、產品使用說明書等技術文件的一致程度。
 
　　同時，明確了需補充提供的文件資料。在申請時提交材料的基礎上，規(guī)定制造商需補充提供的材料。一般包括產品規(guī)格表；樣機照片(應能充分反映樣機特征)；用戶名單；必要的其他文件。其中被調查用戶所使用的機型為申請推廣鑒定產品定型后的機型。
 
　　鑒定方法宜選用標準方法和農機行業(yè)通行的試驗、調查和考核方法。規(guī)則按照國務院“放管服”改革和農機試驗鑒定制度改革精神的要求，進一步精簡優(yōu)化完善了相關產品的鑒定內容和評價方法，減少了需補充提供的材料，進一步為企業(yè)減負的同時充分釋放改革紅利，推動農業(yè)機械化向全程全面高質升級。
 
　　《用戶意見調查》內容
 
　　在本次發(fā)布的農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定通則中還包括了《用戶意見調查》，主要針對的是用戶基于對農業(yè)機械產品的實際使用體驗而形成的對農業(yè)機械產品和服務質量的經驗判斷。調查內容和要求包括：
 
　　適用性：由用戶根據實際使用狀況對農業(yè)機械產品的適用性作出好、中、差評價。適用性一般是指農業(yè)機械產品對當地土壤、農作物品種、農藝、環(huán)境條件的適應情況。
 
　　故障情況：調查并記錄農業(yè)機械產品在用戶使用過程中發(fā)生的故障、故障部位和故障形式。故障程度分為三級：致命故障、嚴重故障和一般故障。根據記錄發(fā)生故障的實際情況，由調查人員根據相關標準或鑒定大綱對故障類別作出判斷。
 
　　操作方便性：由用戶根據實際使用狀況對農業(yè)機械產品的操作方便性作出好、中、差評價。可以從以下方面考慮：操縱裝置的操縱方便性、操縱力的大小、操縱裝置完成規(guī)定動作的正確性和有效性、各種輔料加裝難易程度、殘留物清理難易程度等。
 
　　維修保養(yǎng)方便性：由用戶根據實際使用狀況對農業(yè)機械產品的維修保養(yǎng)方便性作出好、中、差評價?？梢詮囊韵路矫婵紤]：調整、保養(yǎng)和更換零件難易程度、保養(yǎng)點設置是否合理且便于操作等。
 
　　三包與售后服務情況：由用戶根據接受企業(yè)三包與售后服務的實際情況對企業(yè)的三包與售后服務質量作出好、中、差評價?？梢詮囊韵路矫婵紤]：三包人員的技術水平、溝通能力、服務態(tài)度和維修質量，農忙季節(jié)服務的及時性，零配件購買是否容易等。
 
　　安全事故：調查并記錄用戶在使用農業(yè)機械產品的過程中由于防護不完善和其他安全功能失效所發(fā)生的人身傷害的次數、傷害部位、傷殘程度等。同時應注明農業(yè)機械產品的安全防護裝置及安全標志的狀態(tài)與出廠時是否一致，不一致的原因，是否對原機改裝等。必要時應進行核實。
 
　　結語：農機質量鑒定專業(yè)性強，大多數農民并不具備專業(yè)的知識，往往很難辨別農機具的優(yōu)劣，容易造成經濟利益受損甚至是人身安全事故?！掇r業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱編寫規(guī)則》等4項農業(yè)機械試驗鑒定通則和《農業(yè)輪式和履帶拖拉機》等153項農業(yè)機械推廣鑒定大綱的制定、審核與發(fā)布為農民提供了一個更加簡單明了的評價手段和識別依據，進一步豐富完善了農機試驗鑒定技術體系，為國家農機購置補貼政策實施提供了標準依據。

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