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秸稈綜合化利用新進展 “廢棄物”翻身當資源
2019-01-25
10:37:22
來源:中國農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:25940
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導讀:近年來,農作物秸稈成為農村面源污染的新源頭。據有關統(tǒng)計,我國作為農業(yè)大國,每年可生成7億多噸秸稈,成為“用處不大”但必須處理掉的“廢棄物”。與此同時,困擾的另一面相對的是機遇,農作物秸稈資源的綜合利用對于促進農民增收、環(huán)境保護、資源節(jié)約以及農業(yè)經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展意義重大,有效推進秸稈綜合化利用迫在眉睫。
【中國農機網 熱點關注】近年來,農作物秸稈成為農村面源污染的新源頭。據有關統(tǒng)計,我國作為農業(yè)大國,每年可生成7億多噸秸稈,成為“用處不大”但必須處理掉的“廢棄物”。與此同時,困擾的另一面相對的是機遇,農作物秸稈資源的綜合利用對于促進農民增收、環(huán)境保護、資源節(jié)約以及農業(yè)經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展意義重大,有效推進秸稈綜合化利用迫在眉睫。
長春市九臺區(qū)秸稈還田34.5萬畝 成“全國秸稈綜合利用新樣板”
九臺區(qū)地處吉林省中部,是全國產糧大縣,常年糧食總產量30億斤以上,年產各類農作物秸稈132萬噸左右。2018年,吉林省長春市九臺區(qū)藍天優(yōu)良指數達到284天,優(yōu)良率達到87.9%,被國務院辦公廳通報表揚,成為“全國秸稈綜合利用新樣板”。
禁止焚燒秸稈,既要讓廣大農民破除千百年來形成的舊習,讓他們從內心里接受,還要倒逼政府為秸稈綜合利用找項目、找出口;其次是樹立典型,通過典型帶動秸稈綜合利用共建發(fā)展;財政給予補貼大力推廣秸稈全量(半量)還田,建立秸稈機械還田示范方;為推動秸稈綜合利用創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,九臺區(qū)先后舉行多次全九臺區(qū)秸稈還田現場演示會、秸稈綜合利用推進會,有力推進了秸稈綜合利用工作向縱深發(fā)展。
九臺區(qū)健全了以財政投入為主的經費保障制度,九臺區(qū)財政每年列支3000萬元,用于秸稈綜合利用考核獎勵資金;同時,九臺區(qū)積極為消化秸稈找出路,多方受益讓秸稈變廢為寶天更藍;積極出臺扶持鼓勵政策,加大財政投入力度,秸稈還田和保護性耕作在原有的每畝農機補貼20元的基礎上,再追加補貼20元,達到每公頃600元。2018年,秸稈還田34.5萬畝。
四川省內江市形成秸稈綜合利用“五化”新格局
2018年全市秸稈綜合利用工作通過強化宣傳引導、積極探索多途徑綜合利用秸稈、強化資金保障和強化收儲體系建設等措施,大力推廣秸稈直接還田、腐熟還田、秸稈飼料化、食用菌基料、作生物質燃料的原料和沼氣原料等多種方式利用農作物秸稈,初步形成肥料化利用為主,飼料化、燃料化、基料化、原料化為輔的“五化”利用格局。
2018年全市秸稈理論產生量(預計)177.04萬噸,可收集產生量(預計)141.97萬噸,秸稈綜合利用量(預計)121.58萬噸,利用率85.64%,其中:肥料化利用78.72萬噸,占利用量的64.7%;飼料化利用29.33萬噸,占利用量的24.1%;能源化利用9.34萬噸,占利用量的7.7%;基料化利用2.41萬噸,占利用量的2.0%;原料化利用1.79萬噸,占利用量的1.5%。
浙江天臺縣秸稈變身超級燃料
秸稈是農作物廢棄物,如今,這種物質也變身成為一種新型能源走進大眾視野,將秸稈加工成燃料,廣泛應用在居民、工業(yè)生產生活中。
天臺縣建立了秸稈收儲運服務平臺,集秸稈打包、收儲、轉運、加工于一體的秸稈轉運中心和秸稈全量利用中心。將收購來的秸稈,部分運送給縣內其它的養(yǎng)殖戶、種植戶作有機肥和飼料,將秸稈循環(huán)利用的資源,剩余的就加工成生物燃料,運送給工業(yè)企業(yè),代替煤炭燃燒,大大減少對環(huán)境的污染。
陜西藍田為秸稈禁燒重點村鎮(zhèn)配置玉米秸稈粉碎還田機
“三秋”來臨,為積極開展“治污減霾 保衛(wèi)藍天行動”,藍田縣農機管理站依托農機化項目,以機具促面積,不斷推進玉米秸稈機械化綜合利用水平,杜絕秸稈焚燒現場。
本次機具配置依托省級秸稈機械化綜合利用項目,共引進推廣秸稈粉碎還田機30臺,分別為藍田縣城區(qū)周邊及高速路沿線的普化鎮(zhèn)和三里鎮(zhèn)各配置15臺。機具配置后,縣農機管理站堅持做到每臺機具與鎮(zhèn)村簽訂機具使用管理協(xié)議書,確保機具在“三秋”秸稈綜合利用中充分發(fā)揮作用,實現以“疏”為主,以用促禁的目標,通過秸稈大面積利用實現禁燒,促進藍田縣秋季秸稈綜合利用與禁燒工作取得新成效。
本文由中國農機網整理發(fā)布,部分資料來源:長春市農委、四川省農業(yè)農村廳、天臺報、陜西省農機信息網,如有侵權或異議請聯系我們。
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