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媽媽喊你穿秋褲了嗎？寒露至，農(nóng)作物也怕霜凍

2018-10-08 10:51:40 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：32258 評論

導讀：《中國天文年歷》顯示，今天(10月8日)的16時15分，我們將迎來農(nóng)歷二十四節(jié)氣中個帶“寒”字的節(jié)氣——寒露。這個時期的氣溫比白露時更低，地面的露水快要凝結成霜，南嶺及以北的廣大地區(qū)均已進入秋季，東北進入深秋，西北地區(qū)已進入或即將進入冬季。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】《中國天文年歷》顯示，今天(10月8日)的16時15分，我們將迎來農(nóng)歷二十四節(jié)氣中個帶“寒”字的節(jié)氣——寒露。這個時期的氣溫比白露時更低，地面的露水快要凝結成霜，南嶺及以北的廣大地區(qū)均已進入秋季，東北進入深秋，西北地區(qū)已進入或即將進入冬季。
 
　　隨著氣候的降低，又到了媽媽們催著穿秋褲的時候了，而事實上，農(nóng)作物也怕霜凍。北方產(chǎn)棉地區(qū)進入后的棉花采摘時期，“寒露不摘棉，霜打莫怨天”，棉農(nóng)們要趕在霜前抓緊采摘棉花，以防棉花遭霜打質量降低，棉花減產(chǎn)。有的人家“上午忙麥茬，下午摘棉花”，種麥、摘棉兩不耽誤。此外，紅薯對霜凍也十分敏感，易因受凍出現(xiàn)薯塊“硬心”現(xiàn)象，導致紅薯減產(chǎn)，所以人們也多在寒露期間收獲完畢。
 
　　寒露時節(jié)正是秋收、秋種、秋管的重要時期，正所謂“人誤地一時，地誤人一年”，寒露的到來意味著許多農(nóng)事需加緊進行，否則甚至可能會影響到來年的豐收情況。
 
　　在北方，農(nóng)民們正忙于播種小麥、采摘棉花、刨紅薯等農(nóng)活的收尾工作。正所謂是“寒露種小麥，種一碗，收一斗”，“晚種一天，少收一石”，正需要抓緊時間種植冬小麥，這樣才能為小麥爭取足夠的生長期，保證來年有個好收成。
 
　　種上小麥后，還要加強小麥的田間管理。若寒露氣溫偏低，光照不足或地里營養(yǎng)欠缺影響小麥分蘗，需在小麥三葉期前適當追肥澆水，促進小麥分蘗，保證冬小麥有足夠的根系在冬日存活；若麥田濕度過大，需適當松土以控制小麥生長，防止小麥因生長過快不能安然過冬，影響開春生長。同時人們也做好小麥播種的掃尾工作，如查苗補苗、消滅黃弱苗等。
 
　　此外，除麥地、棉花地外，其他農(nóng)田多閑置下來。此時溫度在零度以上，土地沒有凍結，易于使犁翻地，利用冬閑養(yǎng)養(yǎng)地。同時，翻地也可將埋于地下的越冬蟲及蟲卵晾到地表上，利用寒露以后溫度晝夜溫差大、夜間溫度低的特點，將害蟲及其蟲卵凍死，減少來年莊稼的病蟲害，正所謂“寒露到立冬，翻地凍死蟲”。
 
　　而在南方地區(qū)，進入寒露才算進入真正的秋季。此時適合種植油菜等耐寒作物；單季晚稻行將成熟，開始收割；雙季晚稻則正處于灌漿期，要繼續(xù)加強田間管理，做到淺水勤灌，干干濕濕，以濕為主，切忌后期斷水過早。
 
　　這一時期作物怕“寒露風”的到來，江南一帶有“人怕老來窮,禾伯寒露風”的說法。其實“寒露風”是寒露節(jié)出現(xiàn)的一種低溫、干燥、風勁較強的冷空氣，會使水稻灌漿受阻，空粒、黑粒增多，甚至出現(xiàn)“包頸穗”現(xiàn)象，降低結實率，或使稻株生長發(fā)育不良，導致水稻減產(chǎn)。
 
　　人們可于“寒露風”來臨前，采用施農(nóng)家肥強壯株稈，加強田間灌溉，保持田間較高溫度等方法，使水稻免受“寒露風”侵害。當然，抗風的灌水深度因時因地而異。若白天無陽光、風大或夜晚，灌水深些;白天有陽光就淺些，或僅保持濕潤即可。風過后，須立即排水，避免漚黑禾根、造成株稈變軟，降低抗風能力。
 
　　寒露后天氣涼爽，有利于秋季蔬菜生長，是冬春棚菜地力培育和育苗有利時期，也有各種病蟲害發(fā)生與危害，應安排好以下幾項蔬菜農(nóng)事：加強田間管理，灌水、防旱，追施肥料，促進生長，噴施無公害農(nóng)藥防治病蟲害，及時采收，供應市場；培育地力，利用晴好天氣，翻種棚菜田園，暴曬、風化土壤，施用有機肥，噴施土壤消毒劑，殺菌滅蟲，提高肥力；新菜園區(qū)，可增添鋼管大棚和竹棚，逐漸擴大蔬菜保護地種植面積；做好病蟲害發(fā)生與防治工作。
 
　　寒露天氣由涼轉冷，畜禽容易發(fā)病，畜禽生產(chǎn)主要做好秋季防疫工作，及時做好豬、牛、羊、兔的疫病預防接種；養(yǎng)牛戶要及時做好配種工作，確保發(fā)情的母牛滿懷；此時正是是山羊放牧的好季節(jié)，做到早放牧，遲歸欄，為越冬提供良好的膘情；飼養(yǎng)長毛兔農(nóng)戶要抓緊做好秋季配種工作，多配種、多繁育長毛兔，提高養(yǎng)兔效益；養(yǎng)牛、養(yǎng)羊、養(yǎng)兔專業(yè)戶要及時種好黑麥草，為牛、羊、兔越冬及明春有足夠青綠飼料；對于飼養(yǎng)蛋雞、蛋鴨專業(yè)戶要增加人工光照，可提高產(chǎn)蛋量。
 
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